In the minimal process of peer review according to Schendzielorz and Reinhart (2020), we would find the four processual elements being mutually connected with each other. The patent as well as the digital infrastructure aim at supporting the editor in their work. In any case, not assigning a role to some actors shows that those are regarded less relevant for the editorial process by design. In total, 278,098 events were filed in the database. If it goes for review, then it will be about a month before you get the comments. The status 'Decision started' indicates that the peer review process for your manuscript is complete and the paper is now with the editor. Administrative work at journals then comprises, for instance, the handling and coordination of manuscripts (ibid.). We were allowed to analyse the data but not to share or publish the dataset. Reviewer selection is critical to the review process, and we work hard to ensure that the different technical and conceptual aspects of the work are covered. We have no insights into how triggering and affecting is defined for the infrastructure but can only infer from the fact that the infrastructure registers the person-ID as triggering or affected from its limited perspective. This category is comprised of Waiting for Editor Assignment (N = 14,261), Waiting for Potential Referee Assignment (N = 12,976), Waiting to Send Decision to Author (N = 5,796), Waiting for Revision (N = 2,612), Waiting for Author Approval of Converted Files (N = 898) and Potential Referees Waited too Long (N = 610). . Thus, we bypass the (to us) opaque system, but can nevertheless infer insights about the practices and implementations of the peer review process in question. Accessibility This is supported by the process sequence empirically showing regularities but being very open in principle. What does the status 'under editor evaluation' mean? Events after decision with multiplicity and median duration show that editors thoroughly communicate about negative decisions. The editor is probably going through the reviews to arrive at a decision. Yet, despite much research about biases in peer review, little do we know about the actual processes of peer review, and even less so about new practices and technologies supporting peer review (Jubb, 2015, p.13). resubmitnoveltyappeal, Resubmitpoint-by-pointresponse letterresubmitresponse letterresubmitresponse letternature, Proofreadingresubmit, Proofreadinglicence to publish, NatureNatureNature, wileynature science, Nature CommunicationsNatureNature CommunicationsPeer-review, Nature Communicationstransparent peer-reviewgetNature Communicationsget50%Nature Communicaitons, sciencenature. The biggest share 112,475 out of all 278,098 events filed in the database were triggered by editors, or, to be more precise, by actors assigned an editorial role for the respective manuscripts in the system. This may as well reflect how editors take their responsibility as members of the scientific community. When we plot the network with Kamada-Kawai layout, the high network density causes the network to appear as a circle (see Figure 4, left) with no visually detectable pattern between source and target. In the third section, the data and their preparation are described in more detail, elaborating on why a social network approach appears to be suitable for exploring relationships between events of the editorial process mediated by the system. English Editing - Editage.com | Editage.jp | Editage.co.kr |SCI Editage.cn |publicao de artigos Editage.com.br | Editage.com.tw |Terms of UseforEnglish Editing Services. In other words, events can be thought of as the ways of how activities are conceived by the infrastructure. Editor assignment or invitation Based on the topic of the manuscript and suggestions by the authors, an editor is assigned to handle the manuscript. More information about the manuscript transfer service can be found here. Following her doctorate, she has worked as an editor, freelance writer and communications expert and advisor . The patented process is implemented as software, which is then adapted locally to the journals and publishers needs, taking stock of the diversity of scholarly publishing. In order to make such comparisons, we employed social network analysis with the events in the manuscript lifecycle as nodes which are connected through their relation in time. (2021). Editorial management systems may be understood as aiming at representing such abstract roles and processual elements. 201451 XXXXX@nature.com Final decision for XXXXX. The editors consider reviewer feedback and their own evaluation of the manuscript in order to reach a decision. The performance of the editor can thus be controlled and evaluated by other stakeholders in the organization of the publisher. The numbers indicate, how often a specific decision is reached for the respective version (the in-degree of the node). It is clear from the status descriptions that your revised manuscript was sent for peer review again. Authors may suggest reviewers; these suggestions are often helpful, although they are not always followed. Hence, there is no such thing as a uniform process put into place by a technology. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication. Giving Bolivian Women As Gift ideas When Trigidia Jimnez started to provide caahua, it was only for private consumption in Bolivia, but today it's produced and offered by more than 1,500 households. 2017-07-13 11:21. In the data used for our investigation, we see traces of actions and participant roles in different processes. Does "Under Review" mean that the paper has passed the editorial check? The categorization table is attached as supplementary material to this paper. 8600 Rockville Pike In return, authors and reviewers experience less surveillance by the system, because only few formalized actions are recorded from them, because the system is clearly editor-centred. One issue for discussion in that process is the role of the editor. The focus of the patent is on how to facilitate the peer review process in a digital infrastructure. //--> Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error, This article was submitted to Scholarly Communication, a section of the journal Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics. round 1""nature nature metabolism. Editage Insights offers a wealth of free academic research and publishing resources and is a one-stop guide for authors and others involved in scholarly publishing. Ross-Hellauer T., Deppe A., Schmidt B. We found that there is no standardized role for automated processing or decision making: the digital infrastructure itself is not explicitly listed as actor in the patent, but is only visible in the digital traces. The process elements postulation (P), consultation (C), decision (D) and administration (A), adapted after Schendzielorz and Reinhart (2020), are mutually connected with each other, but seen by the infrastructure from the standpoint of administration. Our original resources for authors and journals will help you become an expert in academic publishing. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal What does the status 'Decision started' mean? While the potential exploitation of these process generated data may support the administration, it at the same time may also put more pressure on the editor, simply because these data can be shared and discussed with potential stakeholders of the publisher. Either rejection or sending it out for review. The process sequence is very open in principle, but for a process leading from submission to decision, some regularity in the steps could be expected, that is, some nodes must be more likely than others to be passed and also, some edges must be more important than others respectively. FOIA While we do not have empirical material about the interpretations of the process by the actors themselves, processual data and the sequences of events may at least allow for abductive reasoning about how the editorial role is structured, and, in light of the literature about peer review, transformed, by using the infrastructure. Research suggests that editorial management systems as digital infrastructures are adapted to the local needs at scholarly journals and reflect main realms of activities. Also, there are no actions recorded without two person-IDs involved, which means, that automated actions, if recorded, must be included with person-IDs. Rather, we intend to infer editorial practices from these sequences which may jointly emerge from the editors actions and the infrastructure, being aware that our perspective is limited. Although, the latter sounds like a decision event, it is mainly recorded as triggered by the reviewers and is clearly located in the network before the decision. Assistant Editor MDPI minor revisions5major revisions1030 Though many agree that scholarly publishing and peer review are social processes (Reinhart, 2010), investigations about the processes of scholarly publishing and peer review are rare, given that persons engaged in these processes actively resist investigation (Hirschauer, 2010, 73). All Rights Reserved. This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper (Article) in Nature, and describes how manuscripts are handled by editors between submission. The two additional source and target nodes make start and end of the process visible. Furthermore, the editor is described as optional in the patent: The publishing organization can, optionally, assign an editor, monitoring editor, or associate editor to oversee the review process [] and make the final publishing approval decision. (Plotkin, 2009, p.4), but also the patent is open to an automated decision making. That is why we also focus our structural analysis of the peer review process on this first round of peer review. Whether digital infrastructures such as editorial management systems are transforming the peer review process with regard to these two tasks is hard to tell, given the difficulties of exploring the process. If the editor is satisfied with your work, they will choose appropriate peer reviewers to evaluate your work, taking into account several factors including expertise, experience . Magdalena is a geneticist by training and has considerable editorial and publishing experience: having started in Nature Publishing Group in 2001, she was Chief Editor of Nature Reviews Genetics, Senior Editor for genetics and genomics at Nature, and more recently Executive Editor for the Nature Partner Journals. How does the infrastructure support, strengthen or restrain editorial agency for administrating the process? 2022.6.13 Editor Decision Started Decision sent to author NZip for reviewers 2022.10.10 9All Reviewers Assigned109Manuscript under consideration One-click to visualize your research performance Researchain.net Nature Ecology and Evolution Submission Timeline & Revision Speed Duration from Submission to 1 st Editorial Decision 4.4 days The average number of days from manuscript submission to the initial editorial decision on the article. We focus our analysis on editorial peer review, that is, processes related to editorial selection, management and decision making. We sorted seven events into this category (according to their labelling and the distribution of triggering roles), of which the event Preliminary Manuscript Data Submitted is the event with the highest frequency in the database (N = 16,901), followed by Author Approved Converted Files (N = 13,978). The editorial peer review process for a single manuscript version is investigated from three perspectives: the perspective which considers the sequencialization (which stages are passed in which order) of the process, the pace (how long does a step take) of the manuscript during the process and the magnitude (how many manuscripts go along a specific path). Once your manuscript passes the initial quality check, we assign it to a member of Editorial Board, who is an active researcher in your field. This data represents a full inventory of manuscript version histories for the given years and journals, covering all submitted manuscripts whether published in the end, or not. The second possibility is the long decision path from Manuscript Consultation Started through external peer review to Editor Decision Complete. HANDBOOK: Keep calm and wait: A guide to understanding journal statuses, Keep calm and wait: A guide to understanding journal statuses. While these activities certainly would exist without editorial management systems, the latter makes them more visible and suspect to monitoring and optimization, because they can standardize editorial practices. Moreover, the characteristics of both reviewers and editors are explored to a significant extent (Hirschauer, 2010, 73). While they draw in their examples from grant peer review, they explicitly claim their depiction to enable comparative analyses of different peer review processes along the elements of a minimal process: postulation, consultation, decision and administration. In this paper, we present an empirical case study: processual data from a journal management system provide insights into how the peer review process is carried out at four journals of a specific publisher in the biomedical field. SHORT ANSWER. Secondly 2), we intent to gain insights into the ways editorial management systems shape or transform editorial practices, i.e., to explore the ways of how the technology has been implemented in the journal. Moreover, acceleration, control and efficiency have been main arguments for establishing editorial management systems in the first place (Jubb, 2015; Mendona, 2017), putting pressure on publishers and editors of journals to implement streamlined procedures. The other possibility, as you have correctly judged, is that the manuscript might receive a desk rejection. They enable, support or constrain some behaviours, but they can also make certain activities more visible and thereby more relevant than others, they pick and choose (ibid., 1). Established in 1947, the company is known for modern classic style that's both tim The average number of days between the date of manuscript submission and date of receiving the editorial acceptance decision. Reviewers are notidentified to the authors, except at the request of the reviewer. Abstract: Symbiotic microorganisms are omnipresent in nature, ubiquitously associated with animals, plants, fungi, protists, and all other life forms including humans, ranging fro A significant number of events (11,866, to be precise) released by editors affect actors with none specified roles. Additionally, some events lie outside the categories of postulation, consultation, decision and administration as they indicate discussions. Editors decide whether to send a manuscript for peer review based on the degree to which it advances our understanding of the field, the soundness of conclusions, the extent to which the evidence presented - including appropriate data and analyses - supports these conclusions, and the wide relevance of these conclusions to the journals readership. The journal covers topics including: -Lasers, LEDs and other light sources -Imaging, detectors and sensors -Optoelectronic devices and components -Novel materials and engineered structures -Physics of light propagation, interaction and behaviour -Quantum optics and cryptography -Ultrafast photonics -Biophotonics -Optical data storage In the next section, we introduce the theoretical framework and main perspectives. These are considered appeals, which, by policy, take second place to consideration of normal submissions. Since we draw from data of one publisher, we cannot make systematic claims about the usage of editorial management systems, but rather intend to generate new questions and perspectives for research in this area. They can only choose to participate in it or not. By making these processes visible and measurable, the pace of the peer review process is reinforced as a relevant evaluation criterion for scholarly journals and their editors. We concentrate on the core process now and delete the now isolated vertices, thus reducing the core process to the main component of the network with 48 vertices and a density of d = 0.04. The manuscript and associated materials are checked for quality and completeness by the journals editorial assistant. Mrowinski M. J., Fronczak A., Fronczak P., Nedic O., Ausloos M. (2016). Such claims are difficult to make given the limitations many studies on editorial peer review face. If you're being encouraged to revise, it should be clear from the letter and reviews you receive what you need to do. Also, Manuscript Transferred (N = 995), Manuscript Ready for Publication (N = 1,705) and Manuscript Sent To Production (N = 1,694) are events covering the transfer of publications after the review process was completed, referring to their relationship with the publishing house and their facilities. . Valuable insights were gained from the categorization of events into the process element categories. The original ideas and values attached to the system are expressed well by the developers of the technology, who, by aiming at facilitating the process of peer review, defined major entities and activities for administrating manuscripts. We devote our program to one of the most scathing and insightful indictments of the modern-day corporate media, particularly their subservience to power centers and how they eagerly spread disinformation campaigns in service to that power. Reviews Submit a Review. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Hence, a lower density in the observed network than in the patent would be more plausible for a streamlined process. Today, peer review is not only practiced to judge the quality and appropriateness of scholarly manuscripts for specific journals, but also to evaluate grant proposals (Reinhart, 2010), persons (such as in calling committees) (Kleimann and Hckstdt, 2021) or even research organizations (Rbbecke and Simon, 1999). At the contrary, however, events triggered by authors and referees only affect events with actors assigned the same role. However, on occasion editors might consult with expert researchers when deciding whether to review a paper. AEditor Decision Complete, BManuscript Revise and Re-Review, CWaiting to Send Decision to Author, DManuscript Rejected, EManuscript Revise Only, FManuscript Accepted, GDrafting Decision Letter Started, HDrafting Decision Letter Completed, IManuscript Consultation Session Ended. Year Publication Started 2016 *Crowdsourced data. Some of these activities, formerly external to the normal administrative editorial work, may now be automated by the infrastructure, leading to novel control technologies which may also put the editorial role under stronger pressure. Survey on Open Peer Review: Attitudes and Experience Amongst Editors, Authors and Reviewers, Die Regierung der Wissenschaft im Peer Review/Governing Science Through Peer Review. This dimensionality reduction probably obfuscates some properties of the implemented process, such as if it may have been acyclic in higher dimensionality, which we cannot observe any more, limiting the potential for our investigation. A closer look at process generated data allows us to explore which elements of the peer review and decision making process in scholarly journals are communicated and shared on a digital infrastructure, how the process of peer review is transformed into countable events and made visible. Your manuscript entitled "xxxxxxxxx" has now been seen again by our original reviewers, whose comments are appended below. What is the meaning of "decision in process" status? Such critics also fueled debates about new forms of open peer review, as technological or organizational innovations are imagined to ultimately alter editorial practices at scholarly journals (Ross-Hellauer et al., 2017). Yet, in our data set, we also found events that reach beyond administrative activities, because they document pace, effectiveness, or quality of the process or the item (the manuscript), thus enabling quality control and supervision of the whole process, which we label observational elements. Interestingly, when Potential Referees Decline (N = 7,743), this event is mostly triggered by a none role, because declining referees do not have a role with the manuscript in question. However, digital infrastructures supporting peer review have been established to support decision making and communication in the process of publishing scholarly manuscripts (Horbach and Halffman, 2019), enabling the investigation of the corresponding new digital practices. Some authors ask the editors to reconsider a rejection decision. Usually, the times vary from two to six months, but there is no fixed rule.
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