Ma'at - Goddess of truth, justice, and harmony, one of the most important deities in the Egyptian pantheon. Her cult reenacted the sacred marriage between Qudshu and Reshep, a ritual long associated with the Cult of Ishtar/Inanna in Mesopotamia and Astarte in Phoenicia. His statuary, along with another god named Tabo, has often been found near doorways giving rise to the interpretation that he was a guardian god. His association with the primordial mound linked him with Ptah and, through Ptah, with Atum and Ra, the other names for the creator god/sun god. Ptah-Sokar-Osiris - A hybrid god of these three associated with creation, death, and rebirth. Waset (Wosret) - A protective goddess of the city of Thebes whose name means "The Powerful Female One". He is very intelligent and mischievous and as a White witch myself I am honoured to have him as part of my family in his own right. In one myth, the Eye of Ra departs for Nubia where it transforms itself into a lioness. VIEWS. The dead were greeted by other deities when they arrived in the afterlife and were then brought to the Hall of Truth for judgment by Kherty. Bran the Blessed is well-known in Welsh mythology as a giant king of ancient Wales and England. "Egyptian Gods - The Complete List". Her name means "Powerful" and is usually interpreted as "The Female Powerful One". He protected the sun barge of Ra as it entered and left the underworld at dusk and dawn. He was the protector of kingship and the individual king. Wadjet is known as Weret-Hekau, as is Isis, but the name seems to have also designated a specific goddess of protection depicted as a rearing serpent although this could simply be Wadjet in her aggressive form. Isis - The most powerful and popular goddess in Egyptian history. All versions . As a result, he is also worshipped as the god of order and kings. She is depicted in the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150-2613 BCE) as a woman with the uraeus and solar disc on her head holding a scepter and the ankh, symbol of life, and was associated with the acacia tree, the Tree of Life, considered the oldest tree in Egypt. He was a live bull selected from a herd for his completely black coat. They also played a part in the great mortuary rituals and in the Egyptian belief in posthumous eternal bliss. He is an ancient god going back to the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150-2613 BCE). Imagery of the Virgin Mary holding her son Jesus comes directly from Isis cradling her son Horus and the Dying and Reviving God figure of Jesus himself is a version of Osiris. Khonsu was the Ancient Egyptian god of the moon. He is an early example of the Dying and Reviving God figure in mythology who leant himself to the later version of this figure, Jesus Christ. She is associated with Hathor and is depicted as closely resembling Hathor with the uraeus on her head holding the solar disk, sometimes with two feathers over the disk. Her priests were largely physicians who invoked her name in healing. With the Egyptian God Journal, your youthful imagination will embark on a journey through the Gilded Deserts of Hyperia. The pyramids of Giza are associated with Ra as the supreme lord and creator god who ruled over the land of the living and the dead. She is depicted as a cat or a woman with a cat's head, and her major cult center was at Bubastis. Mestjet - A lion-headed goddess worshipped at Abydos as one of the many aspects of the Eye of Ra. They were depicted as dwarf-gods and worn for protection. Her name first appears on stone jars at Saqqara which were placed inside the lower chambers of Djoser's Step Pyramid (c. 2670 BCE) and she is thought to be an older goddess from the Predynastic Period of Egypt (c. 6000-3150 BCE). Horus is the falcon-headed god known as the protector of Egyptian pharaohs. The Khepresh is the pharaoh's war crown that he wore during battles against Egypt's enemies. And so is crow. The Hyksos identified Set with the warlike aspect of their god Baal. Ptolemy I wanted to create the kind of multi-cultural society his late commander and role model Alexander the Great had attempted and Serapis was an important component in this. Petry, Alan W. Shorter; with a new bibliography by Bonnie L. (1994). I feel the pain of the bone driving through my flesh even as Im aware on some deeper level that what shes doing is necessary and good. The sacred marriage of Qudshu and Reshep was reenacted by their followers linking the cult to that of Inanna/Ishtar of Mesopotamia which had long practiced the same ritual. Satis (Satet or Satit) - Goddess of the southern border of Egypt with Nubia and associated with Elephantine in the region of Aswan. Thoth is depicted in some texts as a baboon but mostly as a man with the head of an ibis holding a writing implement. Unut (Wenet or Wenut) - A protective goddess worshipped at Hermopolis and known as "The Swift One". This makes her a crow goddess of old. Depicted as a strong young man with the sign of the desert over his head. Isis FigurineMark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA). Tefnut - Goddess of moisture, sister of Shu, daughter of Atum (Ra) at the creation of the world. Bastet (Bast) - The beautiful goddess of cats, women's secrets, childbirth, fertility, and protector of the hearth and home from evil or misfortune. Like the other leonine deities, she is a fierce protector of her followers and avenges wrongs done to them. Anta - An aspect of the Mother Goddess Mut worshipped at Tanis as the consort of Amun. He was probably an early fertility god and is associated with the moringa tree which, in an early myth, he liked to rest beneath. He is usually depicted as a man with the head of a hawk but is represented by many different images. He is depicted as a mummy holding the crook and flail with a uraeus and moon disc on his head. She was considered the dark goddess to the light of Isis but this carried no negative connotation, only balance. Ra is one of the most famous gods of ancient Egypt. She was worshipped at Abydos in the cult center honoring her and Onuris. Cavern Deities - A group of nameless gods who lived in caverns in the underworld and punished the wicked and helped the souls of the justified dead. Her name means "Foremost of the Fish". Lake of Flowers (Lily Lake) - The body of water in the afterlife which the souls of the justified dead crossed to reach paradise in the Field of Reeds. He lived in the House of Woe in the afterlife and was known to afflict the king of Egypt. Serket was a scorpion goddess depicted as a woman with a scorpion on her head and arms outstretched in a protective pose. Once the soul had made the Negative Confessions (Declaration of Innocence) the Forty-Two Judges advised Osiris on whether the confession should be accepted. World History Encyclopedia, 14 Apr 2016. A very ancient goddess, she was sent by Ra to destroy humanity for their sins. Reret - A protector deity in the form of a hippopotamus whose name means "Sow". Mut - An early mother goddess who most likely had a minor role during the Predynastic Period (c. 6000-3150 BCE) but who later became prominent as the wife of Amun and mother of Khonsu, part of the Theban Triad. Ba'alat Gebal - Phoenician goddess of the city of Byblos, a protector deity, incorporated into Egyptian worship through her association with papyrus, which came from Byblos. Im sure there are many, but the few we can think of include the intelligence of these birds. By the time of the New Kingdom (1570-1069 BCE) he was extremely popular and worshipped as the greatest among the gods after Amun. She is depicted as a woman holding the Was sceptre and ankh and a staff adorned with ribbons but is also shown with a bow and arrows and an axe representing the military might of Thebes. She is depicted as a woman with the head of a cat, cheetah, leopard, or lynx holding the rope and executioner's blade. She was also the patron goddess of scribes. She arose from the totemic symbol of the nome (province) of the region around Mendes, which was a fish. Heryshaf - A fertility god depicted as a man with the head of a ram. Tayet (Tait) - Goddess of weaving who provided the clothes for the king. He warded off demons and black magic and was depicted as a striding lion with the head of a man, large wings, and a snake for a tail. Sokar (Seker) - A protective falcon god of Memphis who was originally an agricultural deity and one of the oldest in Egypt. Horus - An early avian god who became one of the most important deities in ancient Egypt. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ra had a vat of beer dyed red to attract Sekhmet's blood lust and left it at Dendera where she drank it and fell into a deep sleep; when she woke she was the benevolent Hathor. Geb is the son of Shu and Tefnut, husband of Nut, the sky. Im in a room with a bunch of people. Did I mention shes also a queen of the Celtic Otherworld? The other gods implored Ra to stop her destruction before no humans were left to benefit from the lesson. Hathor was one of the most popular deities in ancient Egypt, worshiped by everyone from the pharaoh to commoners. He has become one of the most commonly used symbols of Egypt, seen on Egyptian airplanes, and on hotels and restaurants throughout the land. Related Content Atum (Ra) - The sun god, supreme lord of the gods, first god of the Ennead (tribunal of nine gods), creator of the universe and human beings. A crow - CC via Pixabay Crows have a complicated relationship with people, as they considered an omen of bad luck. Many of them ruled over natural and social phenomena, as well as abstract concepts. Iah was eventually absorbed into the god Khonsu. Ancient Egypt: the Mythology - Nephthys Home :: the Gods :: Nephthys Nephthys (Nebt-het, Nebhet) Symbols: kite, crow, bones and skulls Cult Center: Heliopolis Nephthys was the daughter of Geb and Nut and the sister of Osiris, Isis and Seth . He was the god of darkness, chaos, and confusion, and is represented as a man with an unknown animal head, often described as a Typhonian by the Greeks who associated him with the god Typhon. During the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30 BCE), when Egyptian gods were hellenized, he was known as Agathodaimon, the serpent deity who could tell one's future. A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. Jupiter-Amun - The Roman version of Zeus-Amun, king of the gods, worshipped at the Siwa Oasis in Egypt. He had his own temple at Heliopolis where he was associated with Osiris in a mummified form symbolizing his protective powers in the afterlife. He eventually became closely associated with Horus and, as Wepwawet-Ra, with the sun god Ra. Her name means "Holy" and she is always depicted as a slim naked woman holding the symbols of eroticism and fertility; lotus blossoms in her right hand and snakes or papyrus stems in her left. But they can visually appear. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W Y Z. He is the patron god of potters and those who work in ceramics. Associated with the sun, sky, and power, Horus became linked with the king of Egypt as early as the First Dynasty (c. 3150-2890 BCE). Eventually, she was absorbed by Hathor who took on her characteristics. [4] Another account stated that Khonshu was in fact the adopted son of Amon Ra. She was known as "Lady of the Acacia", an epithet later attributed to Hathor. This story is an example of the Distant Goddess motif in which the Eye of Ra departs from the sun god and then is returned (or returns itself) bringing transformation. Depicted as a bull running. Bunson writes: The Egyptians had no problem with a multitude of gods and they seldom shelved old deities in favor of new ones. Linked by the Greeks with the Furies because of his vengeful nature. His name means "Opener of the Ways" and this has been interpreted as opening the way for king in battle, opening the way to the afterlife, and opening the way at one's birth. Shentayet - An obscure protective goddess whose name means "Widow" and who was associated with that aspect of Isis who lost her husband and then brought him back to life. Lates-Fish - The Nile perch sacred to the goddess Neith, worshipped as a divine entity as Esna. He was later considered his own deity and became associated with sweet-smelling flowers. Daughter of Hathor and Horus. Tatenen was a bisexual god, referred to as "Mother of All the Gods" in one text. He is referred to as "Father of the gods" in the Pyramid Texts and was an important aspect of funerary rites where he welcomed the king to the afterlife. Ptah was the great god of Memphis, creator of the world, lord of truth, and chief god of the city of Memphis and its surrounding area c. 3000 BCE. "GVC09-24: Mystical creatures and gods -Egyptian". She provided pure, cool water to the souls of the deceased as they awaited judgment in the Hall of Truth. Seret - A leonine protective goddess probably from Libya. She may have been an early Mother Goddess who evolved into a deity who protected people (especially children) from scorpion venom and then to one who protected from all venom. He is depicted on the Narmer Palette (c. 3150 BCE) and associated with Wadjet. Their names mean "endlessness" and they were among the original gods of the Ogdoad. Sah - An astral god, personification of the constellation Orion, usually paired with Sothis (Sopdet) as representations of the astral forms of Osiris and Isis. She was widely venerated throughout Egypt. Harpocrates - The Greek and Roman name for Horus the Child, son of Osiris and Isis. She was also associated with Satis who was linked to the inundation of the Nile as consort of Khnum. She carries the death god Yamas horn, and sometimes wears a garland of severed heads. She will shapeshift into the form of any animal she chooses, including a wolf, eel, and crow. Raven Meanings in the Bible. 6 Witch Goddesses to Invoke for Magic, Empowerment and More, Horse Gods and Goddesses of the Ancient World. Haroeris - The Greek name for the sky aspect of Horus the Elder (also known as Horus the Great who appeared in the earthly realm as a falcon. His name was taken by all three rulers of the dynasty in the form of Mentuhotep (Montuhotep) meaning "Montu is Pleased". Set is best known as the world's first murderer in the Myth of Osiris where he kills his brother to usurp the throne. A story known as Isis and the Seven Scorpions tells of how Isis was insulted by a rich woman once and Serket, who had sent her seven scorpions along as Isis' bodyguards, instructed one of them to sting the woman's son. One of the most-traditional Egyptian dishes, it is not easy to perfect its taste. Amun (Amun-Ra) - God of the sun and air. Queen Maeve, also spelled Medb, is an ancient Celtic Irish goddess of sovereignty. 414. Wadjet - A great protective goddess and patroness of Lower Egypt, one of the oldest deities in the Egyptian pantheon, represented as the rearing cobra which became the king's insignia (the uraeus). In the tale of Vasalisa and Baba Yaga, three horsemen are key components so we assume horses are one of Baba Yagas animal familiars. I see Ravens all the time here in Arizona. Nu is commonly regarded as "Father of the Gods" while Naunet is only referenced regarding the Ogdoad, the grouping of eight primordial gods, four males matching four females, who represent the original elements of creation. For example, he is considered a god of fertility, something that isn't brought up in the series outside of the casting of Oscar Isaac. The gods and goddesses of Ancient Egypt were an integral part of the people's everyday lives. Kagemni - A vizier to the king Sneferu (c. 2613-2589 BCE) who wrote the wisdom text known as Instructions of Kagemni. Her role of providing one's destiny was eventually taken over by the Seven Hathors but she continued to be venerated in homes throughout Egypt's history. He was the supreme deity worshipped at the famous Serapeum nearby the Library of Alexandria. Her name means "Great Flood" and she is associated with fertility and abundance. She was so universally adored that, in 525 BCE, the Persians used the Egyptian devotion to Bastet to their advantage in winning the Battle of Pelusium. He requests for his men to sever his head and take it to the White Tower in London and point it east. "Egyptian God" is a series in the OCG / TCG, anime and manga. He is depicted as a mummified man wearing a skull cap holding the Was scepter of authority with the ankh and djed symbols at the top. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. She was the personification of the city which was also known as 'Waset'. As a protective god, Bes also fended off dark magic, ghosts, spirits, and demons. The work was so brilliant it was considered the work of a god and he was deified after death. The old hag rewards her. Not a finch. He was said to separate wives from their husbands at a whim. Kek and Kauket - Gods of obscurity and night, members of the original Ogdoad of Hermopolis. Despite the differences, the early Greeks accepted that the Egyptian gods were their gods, merely having different names and appearances. Taweret is closely associated with Hathor and called "Follower of Horus" both of which distance her from Set. She finds the old hag and impresses her with humility and hard work. Mekhit - Goddess of war, probably originally from Nubia, depicted as a roaring lioness and associated with the moon. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. A funny tradition that Egyptian women have occurs when they cook Mulukhiya, a dish of vegetables mixed with leaves of Corchorus olitorius. Bibliography Early African tribes worshiped these birdlike gods and honored their feathers as a means of sacred ritual. She too bears the crow as one of her symbols. The majority of Egyptian people are afraid of black animals, especially from black cats and crows. His symbols are the Eye of Horus and the hawk. Shesmetet - A protective leonine goddess known as "Lady of Punt" and most likely an important goddess brought to Egypt through trade with Punt. His name means "He Who Comes in Peace" and, after his death, he was deified as a god of wisdom and medicine. She protected people from venomous bites, especially from scorpions, and predates Serket who later took on that role. of 23. His worshipers were primarily from Thebes. He was considered so wise that, after death, he became deified. 0. Hedetet - Goddess of scorpions and protectress against their venom, an early version of Serket. Set was originally a hero-god who drove away the serpent Apep (Apophis) from the barge of the sun god and killed it nightly. Ash (As) - God of the Libyan desert, a kindly deity who provided the oasis for travelers. He was known as "Lord of Time" and "Reckoner of Years" because he marked the passage of time and, through the powerful magic of his divine knowledge of words, gave the king a long reign so he could maintain order on earth. She blessed people with success owing to her ability to see both past and future. She was also known as Weret-Kekau, "The Great Magic", because of her incredible powers. She features in stories concerning the Eye of Ra and is one of the personifications of the Distant Goddess motif where the Eye of Ra departs from the god and is returned, or returns itself, bringing transformation. Anqet (Anukit or Anuket) - Goddess of fertility and the cataract of the Nile River at Aswan. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. This rhythmical tongue twister uses a touch of imagery to express its main message. The king was thought to be the living incarnation of Horus and, through him, the god gave all good things to his people. Isis returns Osiris to life but, because he is incomplete, descends to the underworld as Lord of the Dead. She is frequently invoked in healing spells and associated with the goddess Serket. No temples were ever raised to him but he is referenced in some manuscripts which indicate he was a concern to seafarers who may have worn amulets with his image for protection. Hathor was famously associated with the sycamore tree and known as "Lady of the Sycamore" but Isis was also linked to this tree. The Hours of the day deities 12 divine embodiments of each hour of the day: partly major deities (1st: The Hours of the night deities 12 goddesses of each hour of the night, wearing a five-pointed star on their heads. It was associated with Osiris through the imagery of rebirth as the bird was closely connected to the sun which died each night and rose again the next morning. She became increasingly identified with Isis and was eventually absorbed into that goddess completely. She was the daughter of Ra who appears in one of the most important stories concerning the Eye of Ra/Distant Goddess motif. Her statue appears with those of Isis, Nephthys, and Serket in Tutankhamun's tomb. Quite likely invoked as a protectress of widows but references to her are rare and Isis fulfilled that role as she did so many others. She is sometimes seen as the consort of Khnum, god of the Nile at Elephantine where the Egyptians believed the river originated and is associated with the Eye of Ra and Distant Goddess motif in some tales where she returns from a great distance to bring transformation. The myth is a part of the Poetic Edda and tells of Odin hanging upside down from a tree for nine days. Her Egyptian name, Eset, means "Goddess of the Throne" because of her association with the monarch. Fetket - The butler of the sun god Ra who served him his drinks, patron god of bartenders. Usually depicted as a reclining lioness with three sticks protruding from behind her. He has a great of interaction with me and has stack of toys to destroy and keep him happy. They are said to travel across the globe and bring back news of earthly events to Odin. Osiris was originally a fertility god who grew in popularity and influence through the Osiris Myth in which he is killed by his brother, Set, brought back to life by his wife Isis, fathers sky god Horus, and descends to the underworld as Judge of the Dead. In most Egyptian fables, he is portrayed as the ultimate enemy of the sun god - Ra. Isis-Eutheria - A later Greek version of Isis worshipped in Egypt whose tears, when she mourned for Osiris, were thought to cause the inundation of the Nile River. Nehebkau swam in the primordial waters at the dawn of creation before Atum rose from the chaos to impose order. She is only mentioned in a Fifth Dynasty (2498-2345 BCE) inscription as a goddess of a region of Egypt inhabited mainly by Libyans - the 3rd Lower Egypt nome (province). Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. She searches out Baba Yaga to ask for light for her familys cottage. While in Thebes, he had a run-in there with Kang the Conqueror, when Kang showed up trying to gain dominion over time (as one does). Aken - Custodian of the boat which ferried souls across Lily Lake to the Field of Reeds in the afterlife. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Characteristics and roles of various gods were syncretized to reconcile differing religious beliefs, customs, or ideals. One kept returning to my garden and the other disappeared for a while and later returned with a wee one! She was also the divine protector of the king and state who roasted conspirators and traitors in her flaming brazier. Nefertum was born from the bud of the blue lotus flower at the dawn of creation and was originally an aspect of Atum. A relic life is as long as it is spoken about that Relic legends, history or anything similar. In the earthly realm, he ensured the proper resources reached the eastern border garrisons and helped the king control native populations in those regions. Known also as the "Dweller in Orion", Pyramid Text chapter 186 welcomes the soul, "In the name of the Dweller in Orion, with a season in the sky and a season on earth" which can be understood as, "with a season in the sky after a season on earth". Lady of the Acacia - One of the names of the goddess Iusaaset, "Grandmother of the Gods", later given to Hathor. The Omaha tribe believes that a crow guided an old buffalo bull to water, which was caused by heavy rainfall. Min - An ancient fertility god from the Predynastic Period (c. 6000-3150 BCE). And their color. Werethekau (Weret-Hekau) - An important protective goddess or, more often, an epithet applied to other female deities such as Isis. So what? 3- The Egyptian God, Horus - God of Goodness & Light. Another name for it is shmty, meaning "the two powerful ones," or sekhemti. Uat-Ur - The personification of the Mediterranean Sea. The two are members of the Ennead, a collection of nine Egyptian deities. One of those similarities is in their names, but also in the fact that they are often accompanied by crows. Shezmu - God of wine and, later, of perfume and plenty who personified the positive and negative aspects of drunkenness. Her name means "Mistress of the Temple Enclosure" or "Mistress of the House" referring to a heavenly house or temple. The ancient Egyptians observed the female hippopotamus to be extremely protective of her children which led to the form of this goddess. This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 11:20. Weneg - A protective god first referenced in the Old Kingdom period (c. 2613-2181 BCE) who held up the sky and maintained order between the heavens and the earth. He was the patron god of libraries and of scribes. In Irish myth, shes a queen with a voracious appetite for wealth and sexual partners. He was commonly understood to be the son of Bastet but is also referred to as son of Sekhmet, only natural since both were associated with cats/lions. The name "Nebt-het" means the "lady of the house." The boy was going to die from the venom but Isis saved him and forgave the woman. 2.3k. Hes credited with the discovery of the Elder futhark runes. The Egyptian goddess Nekhbet was the protectress of the king and goddess of heaven. Hedjet (White Crown) She was thought to hunt at night and terrify her enemies. He is a protector god who was worshipped very early in Egypt's history. Last modified April 14, 2016. Ancient Egyptians feared non-existence more than anything else. Renpet - A goddess who personified the year. The goddess Qebhet, for example, is a little known deity who offered cool water to the souls of the dead as they awaited judgment in the afterlife, and Seshat was the goddess of written words and specific measurements overshadowed by Thoth, the better known god of writing and patron of scribes. The Greeks equated him with Apollo. Sia represented the intellect while Hu symbolized the word of Ptah (or Atum) which brought thought into reality and Heka was the underlying force which gave them power. Mut was a protector deity associated with Bastet and Sekhmet. She is the celestial cow goddess who rose from the primordial waters of chaos to give birth to the sun god Ra at the beginning of time. Naunet is his female aspect and consort. i am five an i have 2 raven pets they are super cool and awasome and i love them a lot. One of the most powerful and popular gods of ancient Egypt, patron of the city of Thebes, where he was worshipped as part of the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. Set is often characterized as "evil", and did manifest many evil qualities, but was not regarded by the ancient Egyptians as an embodiment of evil or darkness. Because of her connection to magic, shapeshifting and being a psychopomp (guiding Arthur to the afterlife), she also has an inseparable link to the crow. Hathor, for example, was a goddess of music, dancing, and drunkenness but was also understood as an ancient Mother Goddess, also associated with the Milky Way as a divine reflection of the Nile River, and, in her earlier incarnation as Sekhmet, as a destroyer. Heka was the god of magic and medicine but was also the primordial force, pre-dating all the other gods, who enabled the act of creation and sustained both mortal and divine life. He was venerated in Greece as the god of secrets, silence, and confidentiality. He appears in one story as gambling for the five days required for Nut to give birth to the First Five Gods and in others as mediating between the gods and delivering messages. Baba Yagas role in this story and in others is the feared, trickster witch who grants blessings to those who prove themselves worthy. Mehet-Weret - An ancient sky goddess and one of the oldest deities of Egypt. He is depicted as a jackal, sometimes wearing a scarf with a falcon before him. One of the crows separates from the group, transforms into a medicine woman with long raven colored hair and donning a cloak of dark feathers. Books Egyptians offered ibis mummies to this god. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Mafdet (Mefdet) - She was an early goddess of justice who pronounced judgment and meted out execution swiftly. Her nurturing qualities were later absorbed by Isis.
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