It opened prior
In 1943 the Forty-second Infantry "Rainbow"Division was reactivated at Gruber. propaganda had tried to convince them that the United States was on the verge of collapsing. were confined there. They selected Oklahoma because the state met the basic requirements established by the Office of the Provost Marshal General, the U.S. Army agency responsible for the POW program. that the Germans took as prisoners. By 1953 virtually the entire 1942 reservation was in federal hands. did not appear in the PMG reports, but the fact of its use comes from interviews. Located in the Old First National Bank Building in Madill, this camp opened on April 29, 1943,
It first appeared in the PMG reports on November 1,
They bunked in U.S. Army barracks and hastily constructed camps across the country, especially in the South and Southwest. All three were converted later to POW camps. 11, No. The presentation was sponsored in part by the Plains Indians and Pioneers Museum, which is currently hosting the
Location of Service: Fort Bliss, Texas (basic training); Bataan Peninsula . The War Relocation Authority provided education through high school for all school-age residents. Morris (first a work camp from McAlester and later a branch of Camp Gruber) November 1944 to November 1945; 40. An article by Warner in "The Chronicles of Oklahoma," the Spring 1986 . Located
The government also wanted the
of that year a unique facility opened at Okmulgee when army officials designated Glennan General Hospital to treat
A branch of the Alva PW Camp, ithosed about 100 PWs. The majority of the camps were located in the Midwest, South, and Southwest, and the biggest contingency of POWs 372,000 were German. Mobile camps of POW operated at various sites around the state, following the harvest. On the Northeast Corner of Gardner and in the heart of downtown Sparta, the encampment was erected. It first appeared inthe PMG reports on August 16, 1944, and last appeared on November 16, 1945. For a while, American authorities attempted to exchange the condemned men with Germanyfor Allied soldiers, but ultimately all negotiations failed. , Why was Oklahoma so important to soldiers fighting in World War II? Many of these prisoners were housed in local buildings or in tents. PRISONER OF WAR CAMPS. Corps of Engineers. by Woodward News, February
officials obtained use of vacant dormitories built for employees of the Oklahoma Ordnance Works at Pryor. An estimated 20,000 German POWs worked at Oklahoma POW camps. The magazine continues: "Held from Jan. 17 to 18, 1944, the trial leaned over backward to be fair to the five
The cantonment area covers 620 acres, and ranges occupy 460 acres. there. Part of the confusion also may be attributed to the fact that Japanese aliens from the central United States as well as Central and South America were held for about a year in internment camps before being shipped out of state. a hospital for the treatment of PWs and a branch of the camp Gruber PW camp. We are supposed to keep POWs separated from the battlefield if at all possible. are buried in the National Cemetery at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas. constructed frame buildings accommodated these detachments. While the hospital was usedfor the treatment of Only PWs, it specialized in amputations, neurosurgery, chest surgery, plastic surgery, andtuberculosis treatment. Thiscamp was located on the far west side of the Ft. Sill Military Reservation and south of Randolph Road. Most POWs who died in Oklahoma were buried at the military cemetery at Fort Reno. POW Camp Alva OK. April 01, 2020 WWII Prisoner of War Camp - - Taken from the Okie Legacy It was called Nazilager (Nazi Camp) -- "The First 100 Years of Alva, Oklahoma" states that the Prisoner of War (POW) camp during WWII was best known to POW's in other camps as, 'Devil's Island' or the 'Alcatraz' of prisoner of war systems in the United States. He said that local Oklahoma chambers
Sheriffs, state troopers, and FBI agents were all across the Upper Peninsula looking for the three escaped prisoners (POW camps in the U.P., p.6). Thiscamp, located in the school gymnasium at Caddo, was a work camp sent out from the Stringtown PW Camp. Oklahoma Genealogy Trails A Proud Member of the GenealogyTrails History GroupPrisioner of War Camps in OklahomaArticle from the "Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture"During World War II federal officials located enemy prisoner of war (POW) camps inOklahoma. nine escapes have been found. there pending deactivation at the end of the war. Source: Woodward News Published: February
It was opened on May 1, 1942, and closed on May 22, 1943. About 200 PWs were confinedthere, and two PWs escaped before being recaptured in Sallisaw. Beyer conveneda "court-martial" that night and after finding Kunze guilty of treason, the court had him beaten to death.MPs questioned the 200 German POWs, and five who had blood on their uniforms were arrested and charged with themurder. A few buildings at Okmulgee Tech were part of the Glennan General
Wewoka PW CampThis
one death have been located. Throughout the war German soldiers comprisedthe vast majority of POWs confined in Oklahoma. Three of the men are still buried at McAlester. Vol. Main and Evans streets in Seminole. No part of this site may be construed as in the public domain. It had a capacity of 3,000, but at one timethere were 3,280 PWs confined there. At the peak of operation as many as twenty thousand German POWs occupied camps in Oklahoma. is near Braggs at the location of the Camp Gruber PW Camp. The only word of its existence comes from one interview. By mid-May 1946 the last prisoners left Oklahoma. The three alien internment camps have left little
at the sites of the PW camps at Alva, McAlester, and Tonkawa were being used up to a few years ago as VFW club
This camp, the site of the McAlester Alien Internment Camp, was located in Section 32, north of McAlester and lyingnorth of Electric Street and west of 15th Street. Stringtown, Tishomingo, Ardmore, Powell, Caddo, Konawa, Wewoka, Seminole, Wetumka, Okemah, Morris, Bixby, Porter,
It was a branch ofthe Camp Howze (. ) The present camp coverseighty-seven square miles. Vol 17, Iss 2 Oklahoma - Prisoner of War Camps in Oklahoma dot Oklahoma in WWII. "The Nazis appeared entirely satisfied." During the train rides,they took notice of how Americans were living normal lives - driving their cars, working the fields, etc. Borden General Hospital, Chickasha, (a branch of the Fort Reno camp) April 1945 to May 1945; 100. The non-commissioned Germans did not have to work if they chose not to - which most of them didnt because they
A branch of the Ft. Sill
Desiring to stay in the US after the war, he began passing notes of information on German activitiesto the American doctor when he attended sick call. Few landmarks remain. Local residents, as well as visitors from both Kansas and Texas, took a step backin time Saturday afternoon while hearing a presentation by Dr. Bill Corbett, professor of history at NortheasternState University in Tahlequah, about the Oklahoma prisoner of war (POW) camps that hosted thousands of German prisonersduring World War II. Civilian employees
During the 1929 Geneva Convention,
houses. It opened in October 1944, and last appeared in the PMG reports on May 16, 1945. camp was located on old highway 99 north of the Washita River and south of Tishomingo where the airport now stands. The 160-acre site contained more than 180 wooden structures for 3,000 German P.O.W.s, as well as 500 U.S. Army guard troops, service personnel and civilian employees. hosed about 100 PWs. Initially most of the captives came from North Africa following the surrender of the Afrika Korps. Reportsof three escapes have been located. It first appeared in the PMG reports on November 1,1944, and last appeared on November 16, 1945. On June 3, 1947, Camp Gruber was deactivated and soon became surplus property, with 63,920 acres placedunder the authority of the War Assets Administration (WAA). Thiscamp was located west of South Mingo Road at 136th Street and north of the Arkansas River from Bixby. This camp, a branch of the Ft. Reno PW Camp, was located at the Borden General Hospital on the west side of Chickasha. Subscribe Now. He said that the Nazi Party member POWs caused the most problems andwere the greatest risk out of all the prisoners. It was not an actual PW camp, but was the administrative headquarters for severalcamps in the area, including the ones at Powell and Tishomingo. 1982 2,560 acres and 6,952 acres, respectively, were added, for a total of 33,027 acres. Warner said some internment camps actually predate the war because American leaders were anticipating World War II. They were slums luxury ranging from the cities to the country. About 270 PWs were confined there. There were some suicides, but Arnold Krammer, writing in "Nazi Prisoners of War in America" suggests many of these might more accurately be described as induced deaths. Records indicate eighty escapes took place, but authorities recaptured all fugitives. It first appeared in the PMG reports on August 1, 1944, and last appeared on January 15, 1946. He said that President Roosevelt believed that if we treated the German soldiers good, our prisoners would alsobe treated with the same respect in Europe. POWs received the same rations as U.S.troops, and the enlisted men's quarters inside and outside the compounds varied little in quality. Caddo PW Camp Thiscamp, located in the school gymnasium at Caddo, was a work camp sent out from the Stringtown PW Camp. There were army hospitals located in both Chickasha (Borden General Hospital)and Okmulgee (Glennan General Hospital) as well. They then understoodthat the United States was not what they had been told it would be like.. It opened on April 29, 1943, and last appeared in the PMG reports on
It opened on October 30, 1943, and closed in the fall of 1945. The five men were hung at Fort Leavenworth MilitaryPenitentiary in July 1945, where they had been kept after conviction, and are buried in the Fort Leavenworth MilitaryCemetery. and sometimes an officers' club as well as a theater completed the camp. it held convalescing patients from the Glennan General Hospital PW Camp. All POWs returned to Europe except those confined to military prisons or hospitals. This camp was located one mile north of Braggs on the west side of highway 10 and across the road from Camp Gruber. Check out this list for your next camping adventure with family and friends. Thiscamp was located in the National Guard Armory on the northeast corner of Front and Linden streets in Eufaula. Some PWs from the Chickasha
Forced to carry out slave labour on a starvation diet and in a hostile environment, many died of malnutrition or disease. It was a branch of
These incidents, combined with war wounds,injuries, suicide, or disease, took the lives of forty-six captives. They planned to move 100,000 enemy aliens, then living in the United States, into a controlled environment. In 1945 the Eighty-sixth Infantry "Blackhawk" Division was stationedthere pending deactivation at the end of the war. from the vicinity performed much of the clerical work. Units of the Eighty-eighthInfantry "Blue Devil" Division trained at Camp Gruber. capacity of 300, but usually only about 275 PWs were confined there. POW Camp Road is a typical graded gravel road in the Gulf Coastal Plains of southern Mississippi. History Alive! lawyer, selected from among their fellow prisoners." About 100 PWswere confined there. The great credit to this program is how it was implemented and what it did, he said. Oklahoma History Center Education Resources. Most POWs who died in Oklahoma were buriedat the military cemetery at Fort Reno. the Untied States, all of whom would have to be interned in case of war. Provost Marshal General, the U.S. Army agency responsible for the POW program. In 1943 the Forty-second Infantry "Rainbow" Division was reactivated at Gruber. Engineers. Sallisaw PW CampThiscamp, located northwest of the intersection of North Oak and East Redwood streets on the north side of Sallisaw,did not appear in the PMG reports. , What was school like in internment camps? It was a branch of the Ft. Reno PW Camp and about 225 PWswere confined there. There were two escapes, probably the reason for the closing of the camp. A machinist from the city of Hamburg, Germany, Kunze was drafted into the German Army in 1940 and sent to the AfrikaKorps in Tunisia, North Africa. Ft. Sill PW Camp Thiscamp was located on the far west side of the Ft. Sill Military Reservation and south of Randolph Road. They remembered how they had been treated and trustedthe United States after that. The number of PWs confinedthere is unknown, but they lived in tents. Address: 4220 Virginia Beach Blvd, Virginia Beach, VA 23452, USA Virginia In Your Inbox Love Virginia? At Tonkawa the sixty-foot-high concrete supports for the camp's water tank still stand, and at Camp Gruber concrete and stone sculptures made by POWs are displayed. POW Camp In Alva, Woods, Oklahoma. The non-commissioned Germans did not have to work if they chose not to - which most of them didnt because theythought working for the Americans was somehow aiding the war effort. Five PWs died while interned there, includingEmil Minotti who was shot to death in an escape attempt. On June 3, 1947, Camp Gruber was deactivated and soon became surplus property, with 63,920 acres placed
Corbett then showed the audience several photographs that were taken at the Tonkawa camp. for the treatment of Only PWs, it specialized in amputations, neurosurgery, chest surgery, plastic surgery, and
In spring 1942 federal authorities leased the state prison at Stringtown. Sources used: [written by Richard S. Warner - The Chronicles of Oklahoma,
Reports of two escapes and one PW death have beenfound. This camp was located north of Electric Street and west of 15th Street on the north side of McAlester in what would
Woods Ervin
Newsweek also says that two other German Prisioners of war, Eric Gaus and Rudolph Straub, were convicted June 13,
Eufaula PW Camp Thiscamp was located in the National Guard Armory on the northeast corner of Front and Linden streets in Eufaula. the PMG reports on August 16, 1944, and last appeared on November 16, 1945. Thiscamp was located north of highway 60 and west of Public Street in the southeast quarter of Section 26 on the northside of Tonkawa. camp was located one-half mile north of Waynoka in the Santa Fe Railroad yards at the ice plant. It
of commerce and local politicians lobbied representatives and senators to obtain appropriations for federal projects. training to infantry, field artillery, and tank destroyer units that went on to fight in Europe. Initially most of the captives came from North Africa following
It first appeared in the PMG reports on November 8, 1944, and last appeared on March 8, 1945. It wasa base camp that housed only officer PWs with a few enlisted men and non-commissioned officers who served as theiraides and maintained the camp. Stilwell PW CampThis
By 1945 the state would be home to more than thirty prisoner of war camps, from
The POW camps were all constructed with the same lay-out and design. None of the communities specifically sought a prisoner of war camp, but several received them. "Underthe articles of war the court had no choice but to pronounce the death sentence," the magazine adds. admitted at their trial -- the first American court-martial involving a capital offense by German prisoners of
A branch of the Ft. SillPW Camp, it held as many as 286 PWs. A machinist from the city of Hamburg, Germany, Kunze was drafted into the German Army in 1940 and sent to the Afrika
There were six major base camps in Oklahoma and an additional two dozen branch camps. Eight PWs escaped, and two died at the camp, one being Johannes Kunze who
A base camp, it had a capacity of 4,920, but never held more than 3,000 PWs. Scanning through the list of items, I found six that appeared to be relevant to my research questions. did not appear in the PMG reports. South Carolina maintained twenty camps in seventeen counties, housing between 8-11,000 German (and to a lesser extent, Italian) prisoners of war. Eight PWs escaped from this camp, and four men died and are now buried
camp, a work camp from the McAlester PW Camp, was located in the Municipal Building at the northeast corner of
- Acoustic & Electric-!Best Crossword Puzzle Dictionaries: Online and In Print(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); A machinist from the city of Hamburg, Germany, Kunze was drafted into the German Army in 1940 and sent to the AfrikaKorps in Tunisia, North Africa. Few landmarks remain. It first appeared in the PMG reportson May 23, 1945, and last appeared on March 1, 1946. Records indicate eighty
tuberculosis treatment. that sixty German PWs were confined there. This camp was located on what is now the grounds of Okmulgee Tech, south of Industrial Drive and east of MissionRoad on the east side of Okmulgee. and headstone of
a "court-martial" that night and after finding Kunze guilty of treason, the court had him beaten to death. camp was located at the Stringtown Correctional Facility, the same location of the Stringtown Alien Internment
All rights reserved. camps to be in rural areas where the prisoners could provide agricultural labor. it later became a branch of the Camp Gruber PW Camp. He said that the guards heard the commotion, but thought the Germans were just drunk. still in use around the state. Fort Reno July 1943 to April 1946; 1,523. camp was located north of the swimming pool that is east of Jefferson Street and north of Iris Street in Northeast
They selected Oklahoma because the state met the basic requirements established by the Office of the Provost Marshal General, the U.S. Army agency responsible for the POW program. Will Rogers PW CampThiscamp was located at what is now Will Rogers World Airport at Oklahoma City. Itopened on December 1, 1943, closed on December 11, 1945, and was a branch of the Camp Gruber PW Camp. I'd wanted to get by this Museum for years. Between twenty and forty PWs were confined there, workingas ranch hands. specific guidelines were set concerning the humane conditions that were to be required for prisoners of war - they
Research indicates the majority of prisoners kept in Oklahoma were German, sprinkled with a few Italian. Spavinaw Pow Wow & Indian Arts Festival 2023. Johann Kunze, who was found beaten to death with sticks and bottles. The Alva camp was a special camp for holding Nazis andNazi sympathizers, and there are accounts of twenty-one escapes. Then in 1940, the Italian troops in Libya invaded Egypt,wanting to take control of the Suez Canal the British Army in Egypt repulsed the Italian attack and soon after,Hitler sent German troops to help out the Italians.. non-commissioned officers accused: Walther Beyer, Berthold Seidel, Hans Demme, Willi Schols and Hans Schomer. prisoners of war and partially staffed it with captured enemy medical personnel. The Greenleaf Lodge area is under National Guard authority and is not part of Greenleaf Lake State Park. Few visible traces remain of many of the Oklahoma camps that once housed prisoners of war during World War II. It was a branch camp of the Camp Gruber PW camp, and three PWs escapedonly to be recaptured at Talihini. Horst Cunther. Without advertising income, we can't keep making this site awesome for you. After the captives arrived, at least twenty-four branch camps, outposts to house temporary
Several of them picked cotton, plowed fields, farmed, worked in ice plants
It opened priorto August 30, 1944, and last appeared in the PMG reports on September 1, 1945. Because many PWs with serious injuries or sicknesses were assigned there, twenty-eight
Borden General Hospital, Chickasha, (a branch of the Fort Reno camp) April 1945 to May 1945; 100. To prepare for that contingency, officials
During World War II federal officials located enemy prisoner of war (POW) camps in Oklahoma. opened on December 1, 1943, closed on December 11, 1945, and was a branch of the Camp Gruber PW Camp. A book, "The Killing of Corporal Kunze," by Wilma Trummel Parnell was published in 1981. , Did American soldiers shoot German prisoners? The camp had
They were Walter Beyer, Berthold Seidel, Hans Demme, Hans Schomer, and Willi Scholz. They selected Oklahoma because the state met the basic requirements established by the Office of the
Camp Lyndhurst was now a POW camp, and enemy soldiers were in our land, The Shenandoah Valley. German POW. Some of the structures
The first PWs arrived on October11, 1943, but the closing date is unknown. The Geneva Convention of 1929, the international agreement prescribing treatment
across the state actively recruited federal war facilities to bolster their towns' economies. Corbett then showed the audience several photographs that were taken at the Tonkawa camp. From 250 to 400 PWs were confined there. Branch camps and internments in Oklahoma included Waynoka, Tonkawa, Chickasha, Hobart, Tipton, Pauls Valley, Hickory,Stringtown, Tishomingo, Ardmore, Powell, Caddo, Konawa, Wewoka, Seminole, Wetumka, Okemah, Morris, Bixby, Porter,Haskell, Stilwell, Sallisaw, and Eufaula. stenciled with "PW," German soldiers picked row crops and cotton, harvested wheat and broom corn, manned
the articles of war the court had no choice but to pronounce the death sentence," the magazine adds. From 250 to 400 PWs were confined there. It opened on October 20, 1944, and last appeared in the
war -- that they killed Cpl. July 1944 to October, 1944; 270. Between September 1942 and October 1943
In November 1943 rioting prisoners at Camp Tonkawa
About 300 PWs were confined
Became an Italian PoW Camp during World War II. of Okmulgee. Three separate internment camps were built at Ft. Sill. In the United States at the end of World War II, there were prisoner-of-war camps, including 175 Branch Camps serving 511 Area Camps containing over 425,000 prisoners of war (mostly German). By the summer of 1942, three camps holding enemy aliens were in use in Oklahoma. Following are the various camps, dates they were in operation and the maximum number of aliens or prisoners held there. By 1950 almost all surviving POWs had been released, with the last prisoner returning from the USSR in 1956. The camps were located all over the US, but were mostly in the South, due to the higher expense of heating the barracks in colder areas. (Video) German POW's Murdered in Oklahoma, (Video) Camp Oklahoma vergessenes POW Camp in Bayern, (Video) The Untold Truth Of America's WWII German POW Camps, (Video) "Nazis and Indians", German POWs in Oklahoma: WWII Scrapbook, (Video) The 10 Worst Cities In Oklahoma Explained, 1. A list at okielegacy.org show a total of 34 sites dotted across the state and three alien interment camps. None of the communities specifically sought a prisoner of war camp, but several received them. At the peak of operation as many as twenty thousand German POWs occupied camps in Oklahoma. Tonkawa was home to 3,000 German POWs, mostly from Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps, along with 500 U.S. military personnel. Because many PWs with serious injuries or sicknesses were assigned there, twenty-eightdeaths were reported - twenty-two PWs died from natural cause and six died as the result of battle wounds. Itdid not appear in the PMG reports, but the fact of its use comes from interviews. Internment Camp Headquarters, but later became a branch of the Camp Howze PW Camp. Pryor November 1944 to March 1945; no numbers listed. Haskell PW Camp Thiscamp was locatd in the National Guard Armory on the southwest corner of Creek and Spruce streets in Haskell. During the 1950s and 1960s most of CampGruber's original buildings and facilities were removed or destroyed. as the African Corp. It had a
No prisoners were confined at Madill. Eight PWs escaped from this camp, and four men died and are now buriedin the National Cemetery at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas. Workers erected base camps using standard plans prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of
camp, located in the school gymnasium at Caddo, was a work camp sent out from the Stringtown PW Camp. of Oklahoma WW II Prison Camps", By Patti K Locklear
Seventy-fiveto eighty PWs were confined there. Thiscamp was located four miles east of Hickory at the Horseshoe Ranch. were the greatest risk out of all the prisoners. Civilian employeesfrom the vicinity performed much of the clerical work. in the Community Building in the center of Porter, this camp first appeared in the PMG reports on September 16,
OKH.5.9 Summarize and analyze the impact of mobilization for World War II including the establishment of military bases, prisoner of war installations, and the contributions of Oklahomans to the war effort including the American Indian code talkers and the 45th Infantry Division. as ranch hands. There were no PWs confined there. This was the only maximum security camp in the entire program (whichincluded camps all over the United States.) The majority of German POWs, on the other hand, were assigned to 38 branch camps, mainly in rural areas near places such as Columbus, Fond du Lac, Beaver Dam, Sturgeon Bay and Rice Lake. POWs were therefore thought to be unworthy of respect. Wilma Parnell and Robert Taber, The Killing of Corporal Kunze (Secaucus, N.J.: Lyle Stuart, Inc., 1981). One was located on the south side of Highway 62 at the fairgrounds. At one point in World War II approximately 22,000 German and Italian troops, the equivalent of one and a half infantry divisions, were held as prisoners of war in Oklahoma. In the later months of its operation,it held convalescing patients from the Glennan General Hospital PW Camp. one another about the war. carried the first of thousands of prisoners of war who would spend all or part of the remainder of World War II
It was not an actual PW camp, but was the administrative headquarters for severalcamps in the area, including the ones at Powell and Tishomingo. It opened in October 1944, and last appeared in the PMG reports on May 16, 1945. Thirteen escapes were reported, and fivePWs died in the camp, from natural causes and one from suicide. Originallya branch of the Alva PW Camp, it later became a branch of the Camp Gruber PW Camp. Thiswork camp from the Camp Chaffee PW Camp was located at Candy Mink Springs about five miles southwest of Stilwell.It first appeared in the PMG reports on June 16, 1944, and last appeared on July 8, 1944. The five were apprehended, tried by an American court-martial at Camp Gruber, and found quilty of murdering Corp. Johann Kunze at Camp Tonkawa on Nov. 4, 1943. Units of the Eighty-eighth Infantry "Blue Devil" Division trained at Camp Gruber. It had
A few concrete ammunition bunkers are the last remnants of the POW camp. This camp, a branch of the Ft. Reno PW Camp, was located at the Borden General Hospital on the west side of Chickasha.It first appeared in the PMG reports on April 16, 1945, and last appeared on May 1, 1945. It opened on October 20, 1944, and last appeared in thePMG reports on November 1, 1945. The German officers still commanded their soldiers and ran the camps internally - they cooked their own meals,
who did not understand the German writing or its purpose and returned the note to another German POW to give back
LXIV, No. Originally a branch of the Alva
Yodack is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. It's located in Oklahoma, United States. All POWs returned to Europe except those confined to military prisons or hospitals.By mid-May 1946 the last prisoners left Oklahoma. During the course of World War II Camp Gruber providedtraining to infantry, field artillery, and tank destroyer units that went on to fight in Europe. This camp was located at the Stringtown Correctional Facility, four miles north of Stringtown on the west side
the area prior to then, but they would have been trucked in daily from another camp in the area. Opened 1 August 1944, closed 4 June 1946 Camp Cooke,Santa Barbara County, Opened July1944, closed May 1946.
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