This requires honesty, patience and unconditional acceptance. an excess or distortion of normal functions: including hallucinations and Older antipsychotics like haloperidol or chlorpromazine may produce side effects One criticism of the dopamine hypothesis is there is a problem with the chicken and egg. By oversimplifying schizophrenia in terms of genes and neurotransmitters, the social context within which it develops has not been considered. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, psychological explanation for schizophrenia, psychological explanations for schizophrenia, Schizophrenia - SS2 - Explanations - Socio-Cultural - Research, I need help on this A Level AQA psychology 16 marker please , A-Level Psychology Revision Tips and Tricks , comparing biological explanation of SZ with family dysfunction , Family dysfunction model of schizophrenia , aqa alevel psychology paper 3 2022 predictions? Tarrier (1987) used detailed interview techniques, and found that people with schizophrenia can often identify triggers to the onset of their psychotic symptoms, and then develop their own methods of coping with the distress caused. Briefly outline family dysfunction as an explanation for schizophrenia. 11 Explain how family dysfunction might be involved in schizophrenia. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. In a follow up study they rejected genuine patients whom they assumed were part of the deception. CSE aims to teach individuals to develop and apply effective coping strategies which will reduce the frequency, intensity and duration of psychotic symptoms and alleviate the accompanying distress. However, evidence may not be reliable as patients recall may be affected by their schizophrenia. The family dysfunction explanation is an explanation that sees maladaptive relationships and patterns of communication as a source of stress which influences the development of schizophrenia Family studies find individuals who have schizophrenia and determine whether their biological relatives are similarly affected more often than non-biological relatives. VAT reg no 816865400. stress) may trigger the onset of schizophrenia, rather than individuals with schizophrenia moving down in social status. They generally have fewer side effects eg. Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Psychology Schizophrenia Family Dysfunction. This suggests that gaining an insight into family relationships allows psychiatric professionals to help improve the quality of patients lives. Medication can be taken as pills, syrups or injections, and may be taken over a short or long-term. Background: Social dysfunction is an important outcome for schizophrenia and can be measured by the evaluation of social skills. Therefore it appears that several neurotransmitters may be involved in the development of schizophrenia, meaning the dopamine hypothesis is too simplistic. The researchers found that the males had a genetic condition which became later known as "Brunner syndrome" (it is important to note that females only carry this condition, as it only affects the MAOA production gene on the single X chromosome in males). All patients are in danger of relapsing but without medication the relapses are more common and more severe which suggests the drugs are effective. The validity of schizophrenia as a single disorder is questioned by many. This means that the brains of schizophrenics are lighter than normal. Both aspect of diathesis-stress must be present to develop the disorder. Metaanalysis by Crossley Et Al (2010) suggested that Atypical antipsychotics are no more effective, but do have less side effects. Comorbidity is when the same person has two or more disorders at the same time. A second weakness of the double bind theory is that there are ethical issues. Yellowless et al. For the classification system to be reliable, differfent clinicians using the same system (e.g. Boston House, For men the figure was 59%. Therefore, CBT has potential ethical issues. In other words, it doesnt cure schizophrenia, it just helps people get over it. With these particular questions there is a sizeable risk that people dont understand the difference between the questions, and then write about the wrong thing. They may or may not treat the illness as well as clozapine, however. Very important to note genetics are only partly responsible, otherwise identical twins would have 100% concordance rates. Last chance to attend a Grade Booster cinema workshop before the exams. Education and rapport training: therapist and client work together to improve the effectiveness of the clients own coping strategies and develop new ones. 806 8067 22 The reason for this is because if the individual does have large ventricles then does it really mean that they will develop schizophrenia? Visual - Evaluation of neural correlates for schizophrenia 4. They block dopamine receptors on post-synaptic neurons, meaning that less dopamine is transmitted across the synapse. Holistic Identifies that patients have different triggers, genes etc. This has the effect of reducing dopamine production, and reduces positive symptoms such as hallucinations. One of the biggest criticisms of the dopamine hypothesis came when Farde et al found no difference between schizophrenics levels of dopamine compared with healthy individuals in 1990. CBT is rarely used without drug therapy, suggesting it is not enough on its own to treat schizophrenia. Drugs such as Chlorpromazine also have a sedative effect, meaning that they calm patients down and reduce anxiety. Social behavior depends, in part, on using other peoples actions as clues for understanding what they might be thinking. 214 High Street, Some people who have been diagnosed as schizophrenic appear to have difficulties with this skill. Most importantly, families can make the schizophrenic feel loved, accepted and valued. Vasos (2012) Found the risk of schizophrenia was 2.37 times greater in cities than it was in the countryside, probably due to stress levels. This is a useful point to emphasise in any essay on the disorder. desire): in which a person becomes totally apathetic and sits around waiting for things to happen. In most cases the original typical antipsychotics have more side effects, so if the exam paper asks for two biological therapies you can write about typical anti-psychotics and emphasise the side effects, then you can write about the atypical antipsychotics and give them credit for having less side effects. [4 marks], "Two years ago Jenny was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Even newer antipsychotic drugs, such as risperidone and olanzapine are safer, and they also may be better tolerated. Kazdin et al. Is the raised dopamine levels the cause of the schizophrenia, or is it the raised dopamine level the result of schizophrenia? LS23 6AD This suggests that biological factors predispose someone to schizophrenia, but this has to be triggered by some sort of experience or stressor. Benzel et al. ', In a study of communication, researchers used a language rating scale to compare two groups of participants. 3x sold. A dysfunctional family is one that has at its core destructive and harmful parenting and a lack of concern for the child. [8 marks] The fact that jack could never talk to his mum shows a symptom of schizophrenia, that fact that he displays lack of speech. Participants in Group B, the control group, were a volunteer sample of people who attended a community centre. Ayllon and Azrin (1968) set up a token economy with schizophrenic patients in a psychiatric institution. Autopsies have found that there are generally a large number of dopamine receptors (Owen et al., 1987) and there was an increase in the amount of dopamine in the left amygdale (falkai et al. In CBT, schizophrenia patients are encouraged to trace back the origins of their symptoms in order to get a better idea of how the symptoms might have developed. This helps improve the quality of life for schizophrenia sufferers. A second explanation developed, which suggests that it is not excessive dopamine but that fact that there are more dopamine receptors. less effect on movement Schizophrenia 16-marker Plans (AQA A Level Psychology) Description AQA A Level Schizophrenia: 16-marker plans for the explanations and treatments of schizophrenia aqa a level psychology schizophrenia a2 psychology aqa a level psychology- 16-mark question plans as level Note by Grace Fawcitt, updated more than 1 year ago 2915 8 0 Resource summary Mischler & Waxler (1968) found significant differences in the way mothers spoke to their schizophrenic daughters compared to their normal daughters, which suggests that dysfunctional communication may be a result of living with the schizophrenic rather than the cause of the disorder. Atypical antipsychotics such as Clozapine bind to dopamine, serotonin and glutamate receptors. They are a form of behavioral therapy where desirable behaviors are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcement and is based on operant conditioning. Research by Miyakawa et al. B: behavior how do you react in these situations ? Their get up and go has got up and gone! Company Reg no: 04489574. tutor2u is the leading support service for A-Level, GCSE, BTEC and IB students and teachers preparing for assessments, mocks and final exams. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. So in this context it is the occurrence of two illnesses or conditions together; for example, a person has both schizophrenia and a personality disorder. Paul and Lentz (1977) Token economy led to better overall patient functioning and less behavioral disturbance, More cost-effective (lower hospital costs). EE is a family communication style that involves criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement. Token economies aim to manage schizophrenia rather than treat it. Twenty-six of forty patients (65.0%) were taking haloperidol and 14 (35.0%) chlorpromazine. Schizophrenia is a severe type of mental illness that affects a person's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. The fact that the concordance rates are not 100% means that schizophrenia cannot wholly be explained by genes and it could be that the individual has a pre-disposition to schizophrenia and simply makes the individual more at risk of developing the disorder. Delusions are false beliefs. Family Dysfunction as an Explanation of Schizophrenia Miss Earle Psychology 3.57K subscribers Subscribe Share Save 2.4K views 3 years ago Family Dysfunction and Schizophrenia AO1 and AO3. (Total 4 marks) 12 Describe and evaluate biological explanations for schizophrenia. The dopamine hypothesis is another biological explanation for schizophrenia. The entire evaluation of Schizophrenia (AQA A-level Psychology) 33.39 5.49. They arrest dopamine production by blocking the D2 receptors in synapses that absorb dopamine, in the mesolimbic pathway thus reducing positive symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations.
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