Frank Kameny Then the cops come up and make use of what used to be called the bubble-gum machine, back then a cop car only had one light on the top that spun around. Available via license: Content may be subject to . Martin Boyce:You could be beaten, you could have your head smashed in a men's room because you were looking the wrong way. John O'Brien:We had no idea we were gonna finish the march. As you read, keep in mind that LGBTQ+ is a relatively new term and, while queer people have always existed, the terminology has changed frequently over the years. Jay Fialkov Almost anything you could name. I mean does anyone know what that is? Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community is a 1984 American documentary film about the LGBT community prior to the 1969 Stonewall riots. The scenes were photographed with telescopic lenses. Prisoner (Archival):I realize that, but the thing is that for life I'll be wrecked by this record, see? Stacker put together a timeline of LGBTQ+ history leading up to Stonewall, beginning with prehistoric events and ending in the late 1960s. Before Stonewall - Trailer BuskFilms 12.6K subscribers Subscribe 14K views 10 years ago Watch the full film here (UK & IRE only): http://buskfilms.com/films/before-sto. Doric Wilson:That's what happened Stonewall night to a lot of people. It was a way to vent my anger at being repressed. The cops were barricaded inside. Marcus spoke with NPR's Ari Shapiro about his conversations with leaders of the gay-rights movement, as well as people who were at Stonewall when the riots broke out. And when you got a word, the word was homosexuality and you looked it up. John O'Brien:Our goal was to hurt those police. That night, we printed a box, we had 5,000. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And by the time the police would come back towards Stonewall, that crowd had gone all the around Washington Place come all the way back around and were back pushing in on them from the other direction and the police would wonder, "These are the same people or different people?". Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:The moment you stepped out that door there would be hundreds facing you. Urban Stages Raymond Castro:So finally when they started taking me out, arm in arm up to the paddy wagon, I jumped up and I put one foot on one side, one foot on the other and I sprung back, knocking the two arresting officers, knocking them to the ground. We'll put new liquor in there, we'll put a new mirror up, we'll get a new jukebox." John O'Brien:If a gay man is caught by the police and is identified as being involved in what they called lewd, immoral behavior, they would have their person's name, their age and many times their home address listed in the major newspapers. Fifty years ago, a gay bar in New York City called The Stonewall Inn was raided by police, and what followed were days of rebellion where protesters and police clashed. Seymour Wishman We did use humor to cover pain, frustration, anger. Doric Wilson:When I was very young, one of the terms for gay people was twilight people, meaning that we never came out until twilight, 'til it got dark. A sickness of the mind. It eats you up inside. Slate:Perversion for Profit(1965), Citizens for Decency Through Law. It was the only time I was in a gladiatorial sport that I stood up in. Doric Wilson:Somebody that I knew that was older than me, his family had him sent off where they go up and damage the frontal part of the brain. Naturally, you get careless, you fall for it, and the next thing you know, you have silver bracelets on both arms. What Jimmy didn't know is that Ralph was sick. And as awful as people might think that sounds, it's the way history has always worked. This was the first time I could actually sense, not only see them fearful, I could sense them fearful. Because that's what they were looking for, any excuse to try to bust the place. Directors Greta Schiller Robert Rosenberg (co-director) Stars Rita Mae Brown Maua Adele Ajanaku Then during lunch, Ralph showed him some pornographic pictures. It's the first time I'm fully inside the Stonewall. Martha Shelley:They wanted to fit into American society the way it was. On this episode, the fight for gay rights before Stonewall. "We're not going.". Virginia Apuzzo:It was free but not quite free enough for us. And it was those loudest people, the most vulnerable, the most likely to be arrested, were the ones that were doing the real fighting. People cheer while standing in front of The Stonewall Inn as the annual Gay Pride parade passes, Sunday, June 26, 2011 in New York. [7] In 1987, the film won Emmy Awards for Best Historical/Cultural Program and Best Research. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Teddy Awards, the film was shown at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2016. The documentary "Before Stonewall" was very educational and interesting because it shows a retail group that fought for the right to integrate into the society and was where the homosexual revolution occurred. You know, it's just, everybody was there. A person marching in a gay rights parade along New York's Fifth Avenue on July 7th, 1979. I would get in the back of the car and they would say, "We're going to go see faggots." "Don't fire. One time, a bunch of us ran into somebody's car and locked the door and they smashed the windows in. Danny Garvin TV Host (Archival):That's a very lovely dress too that you're wearing Simone. Fred Sargeant:In the '60s, I met Craig Rodwell who was running the Oscar Wilde Bookshop. Richard Enman (Archival):Present laws give the adult homosexual only the choice of being, to simplify the matter, heterosexual and legal or homosexual and illegal. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:So you're outside, and you see like two people walking toward these trucks and you think, "Oh I think I'll go in there," you go in there, there's like a lot of people in there and it's all dark. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:What they did in the Stonewall that night. Never, never, never. Martin Boyce:All of a sudden, Miss New Orleans and all people around us started marching step by step and the police started moving back. Danny Garvin:He's a faggot, he's a sissy, queer. And all of a sudden, pandemonium broke loose. First Run Features If you came to a place like New York, you at least had the opportunity of connecting with people, and finding people who didn't care that you were gay. David Carter I would wait until there was nobody left to be the girl and then I would be the girl. Martin Boyce:I had cousins, ten years older than me, and they had a car sometimes. We were all there. And a whole bunch of people who were in the paddy wagon ran out. This book, and the related documentary film, use oral histories to present students with a varied view of lesbian and gay experience. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:It was always hands up, what do you want? Lester Senior Housing Community, Jewish Community Housing Corporation Scott Kardel, Project Administration Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We only had about six people altogether from the police department knowing that you had a precinct right nearby that would send assistance. Producers Library You know. I first engaged in such acts when I was 14 years old. That's what gave oxygen to the fire. Narrator (Archival):Richard Enman, president of the Mattachine Society of Florida, whose goal is to legalize homosexuality between consenting adults, was a reluctant participant in tonight's program. Eventually something was bound to blow. There was at least one gay bar that was run just as a hustler bar for straight gay married men. Transcript Enlarge this image To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Stonewall riots in New York City, activists rode their motorcycles during the city's 1989 gay-pride parade. Dick Leitsch:So it was mostly goofing really, basically goofing on them. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:Those of us that were the street kids we didn't think much about the past or the future. Before Stonewall was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the 1985 Sundance Film Festival. Somehow being gay was the most terrible thing you could possibly be. A medievalist. And that, that was a very haunting issue for me. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The Stonewall riots came at a central point in history. All of the rules that I had grown up with, and that I had hated in my guts, other people were fighting against, and saying "No, it doesn't have to be this way.". And this went on for hours. Doric Wilson:There was joy because the cops weren't winning. Revisiting the newly restored "Before Stonewall" 35 years after its premiere, Rosenberg said he was once again struck by its "powerful" and "acutely relevant" narrative. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:All throughout the 60s in New York City, the period when the New York World's Fair was attracting visitors from all over America and all over the world. I guess they're deviates. Martin Boyce:And I remember moving into the open space and grabbing onto two of my friends and we started singing and doing a kick line. He said, "Okay, let's go." Before Stonewall 1984 Unrated 1 h 27 m IMDb RATING 7.5 /10 1.1K YOUR RATING Rate Play trailer 2:21 1 Video 7 Photos Documentary History The history of the Gay and Lesbian community before the Stonewall riots began the major gay rights movement. National History Archive, LGBT Community Center Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had a column inThe Village Voicethat ran from '66 all the way through '84. The events of that night have been described as the birth of the gay-rights movement. All of this stuff was just erupting like a -- as far as they were considered, like a gigantic boil on the butt of America. Martin Boyce:Oh, Miss New Orleans, she wouldn't be stopped. So it was a perfect storm for the police. Synopsis. And we all relaxed. I said, "I can go in with you?" Susan Liberti Windows started to break. David Alpert Patricia Yusah, Marketing and Communications Jerry Hoose:The bar itself was a toilet. Based on The Gay Revolution: The Story of the Struggle, Queer (In)Justice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States. Martin Boyce But that's only partially true. A New York Police officer grabs a man by the hair as another officer clubs a. The mob was saying, you know, "Screw you, cops, you think you can come in a bust us up? David Carter, Author ofStonewall:Most raids by the New York City Police, because they were paid off by the mob, took place on a weeknight, they took place early in the evening, the place would not be crowded. Colonial House John O'Brien:The election was in November of 1969 and this was the summer of 1969, this was June. He brought in gay-positive materials and placed that in a setting that people could come to and feel comfortable in. Martin Boyce:In the early 60s, if you would go near Port Authority, there were tons of people coming in. People could take shots at us. Lilli M. Vincenz Don't fire until I fire. That was our world, that block. (158) 7.5 1 h 26 min 1985 13+. Raymond Castro:So then I got pushed back in, into the Stonewall by these plain clothes cops and they would not let me out, they didn't let anybody out. Dick Leitsch:And I remember it being a clear evening with a big black sky and the biggest white moon I ever saw. It eats you up inside not being comfortable with yourself. 'Cause I really realized that I was being trained as a straight person, so I could really fool these people. Narrator (Archival):Note how Albert delicately pats his hair, and adjusts his collar. If anybody should find out I was gay and would tell my mother, who was in a wheelchair, it would have broken my heart and she would have thought she did something wrong. John O'Brien Jerry Hoose:The police would come by two or three times a night. It was nonsense, it was nonsense, it was all the people there, that were reacting and opposing what was occurring. Robin Haueter Dr. Socarides (Archival):Homosexuality is in fact a mental illness which has reached epidemiological proportions. The ones that came close you could see their faces in rage. I was a man. You know, we wanted to be part of the mainstream society. Because he was homosexual. If that didn't work, they would do things like aversive conditioning, you know, show you pornography and then give you an electric shock. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had been in some gay bars either for a story or gay friends would say, "Oh we're going to go in for a drink there, come on in, are you too uptight to go in?" Fred Sargeant:Three articles of clothing had to be of your gender or you would be in violation of that law. Fred Sargeant We could lose our memory from the beating, we could be in wheelchairs like some were. I had never seen anything like that. They were getting more ferocious. And Vito and I walked the rest of the whole thing with tears running down our face. Marc Aubin Martin Boyce:It was thrilling. Except for the few mob-owned bars that allowed some socializing, it was basically for verboten. It was one of the things you did in New York, it was like the Barnum and Bailey aspect of it. I really thought that, you know, we did it. We didn't necessarily know where we were going yet, you know, what organizations we were going to be or how things would go, but we became something I, as a person, could all of a sudden grab onto, that I couldn't grab onto when I'd go to a subway T-room as a kid, or a 42nd street movie theater, you know, or being picked up by some dirty old man. Gay bars were to gay people what churches were to blacks in the South. But as we were going up 6th Avenue, it kept growing. Raymond Castro:I'd go in there and I would look and I would just cringe because, you know, people would start touching me, and "Hello, what are you doing there if you don't want to be touched?" Dana Gaiser Homo, homo was big. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:There were no instructions except: put them out of business. But I'm wearing this police thing I'm thinking well if they break through I better take it off really quickly but they're gunna come this way and we're going to be backing up and -- who knows what'll happen. Because one out of three of you will turn queer. And it just seemed like, fantastic because the background was this industrial, becoming an industrial ruin, it was a masculine setting, it was a whole world. Judith Kuchar Doric Wilson:And we were about 100, 120 people and there were people lining the sidewalks ahead of us to watch us go by, gay people, mainly. They would bang on the trucks. I was celebrating my birthday at the Stonewall. ", Martin Boyce:People in the neighborhood, the most unlikely people were starting to support it. People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." Yvonne Ritter:"In drag," quote unquote, the downside was that you could get arrested, you could definitely get arrested if someone clocked you or someone spooked that you were not really what you appeared to be on the outside. Revealing and often humorous, this widely acclaimed film relives the emotionally-charged sparking of today's gay rights movement . As kids, we played King Kong. Andrea Weiss is a documentary filmmaker and author with a Ph.D. in American History. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:At a certain point, it felt pretty dangerous to me but I noticed that the cop that seemed in charge, he said you know what, we have to go inside for safety. This was ours, here's where the Stonewall was, here's our Mecca. Liz Davis David Huggins The lights came on, it's like stop dancing. I mean you got a major incident going on down there and I didn't see any TV cameras at all. Doric Wilson:And I looked back and there were about 2,000 people behind us, and that's when I knew it had happened. Gay people were never supposed to be threats to police officers. This documentary uses extensive archival film, movie clips . All kinds of designers, boxers, big museum people. This is one thing that if you don't get caught by us, you'll be caught by yourself. Martin Boyce:And then more police came, and it didn't stop. Doug Cramer Martin Boyce:It was another great step forward in the story of human rights, that's what it was. This was a highly unusual raid, going in there in the middle of the night with a full crowd, the Mafia hasn't been alerted, the Sixth Precinct hasn't been alerted. Yvonne Ritter:And then everybody started to throw pennies like, you know, this is what they were, they were nothing but copper, coppers, that's what they were worth. Just let's see if they can. I am not alone, there are other people that feel exactly the same way.". I grew up in a very Catholic household and the conflict of issues of redemption, of is it possible that if you are this thing called homosexual, is it possible to be redeemed?
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