A very strong easterly wind blew the fire from house to house in the narrow streets. [116] Charles II encouraged the homeless to move away from London and settle elsewhere, immediately issuing a proclamation that "all Cities and Towns whatsoever shall without any contradiction receive the said distressed persons and permit them the free exercise of their manual trades". I pulsed like blood through the citys veins. Destruction From The Great Fire Of London. [121] An example of the urge to identify scapegoats for the fire is the acceptance of the confession of a simple-minded French watchmaker named Robert Hubert, who claimed that he was a member of a gang that had started the Great Fire in Westminster. [132][133], Radical rebuilding schemes poured in for the gutted City and were encouraged by Charles. In principle, water was available from a system of elm pipes which supplied 30,000 houses via a high water tower at Cornhill, filled from the river at high tide, and also via a reservoir of Hertfordshire spring water in Islington. However it also touches on some of the more interesting aspects of the fire, such as the absence of firebreaks, the indecisiveness of the mayor, the failure of the fire engines, the significance of the wooden buildings, and the heroism of the king. I was laughter, I was hunger, I was rage. The flames spread through the house, down Pudding Lane and into the nearby streets. All along the wharves, the rickety wooden tenements and tar paper shacks of the poor were shoehorned amongst "old paper buildings and the most combustible matter of tarr, pitch, hemp, rosen, and flax which was all layd up thereabouts". [118] The official account of the fire in the London Gazette concluded that the fire was an accident: "it stressed the role of God in starting the flames and of the king in helping to stem them". "Public-spirited citizens" would be alerted to a dangerous house fire by muffled peals on the church bells, and would congregate hastily to fight the fire. The Great Fire of London started on Sunday, 2 September 1666 in a baker's shop on Pudding Lane belonging to Thomas Farynor (Farriner). True False. Paul Perro's poem, written in 2009, is fun and easy to read. The Great Fire of London: End of lesson quiz. During the first couple of days, few people had any notion of fleeing the burning city altogether. Download the latest version from Adobe Reviews This resource has not been rated yet. It commemorated 1665-1666, the "year of miracles" of London. It was the worst fire in London's history. The Fire of London by John Dryden As when some dire usurper Heav'n provides To scourge his country with a lawless sway, His birth perhaps some petty village hides, And sets his cradle out of fortune's way, Till fully ripe his swelling fate breaks out, And hurries him to mighty mischiefs on: His Prince, surpris'd at first, no ill could doubt, The social and economic problems created by the disaster were overwhelming. They created firebreaks by blowing up houses on a large scale in the vicinity, halting the advance of the fire. Take a deep breath and take in the evocative scenes of the Great Fire of London in this painting. They deposited their valuables in parish churches away from the direct threat of fire. This film tells you. When did it take place? Did the Great Fire of London really end the plague? And could our visitors help us shape it? Great Fire of London, (September 2-5, 1666), the worst fire in London 's history. [7] The City was then, as now, the commercial heart of the capital, and was the largest market and busiest port in England, dominated by the trading and manufacturing classes. Joseph Guillim, for example, ends his Dreadful Burning with the hope that from our Ruind City may arise, / Another, whose high Towers may urge the Skies. Great skills builder . The Great Fire started at the bakery of Thomas Farriner (the King's baker!) The fire spread easily because London was very dry after a long, hot summer. refused to do this though, as he was worried about the cost of After enjoying the poem, please scroll down a little further to find out some more facts, that will help you discuss the subject with your child for a little longer. exhibition to get a backstage tour of the Great Fire with curator Meriel Jeater. The fire started at 1 am and ended on the evening of September 5. Uh oh! The Great Fire of London The Great Fire of London - information text - Teaching Slides The Hungry Fire - poem Samuel's Diary - diary Facts about the Fire - information text - Teaching Slides After the Fire - information text - Teaching Slides This book and film would also complement these texts. What does Sam's silverware tell us about Pepys and his times? What could a poem inspired by the Great Fire look and sound like? Spring 2: Week 1 and 2 Learning 22nd Feb- 5th March; Spring 1: Week 5 and 6 1st- 12th February; Spring 1: Week 3 and 4 Learning 18th- 29th January; Spring 1: Week 1 and 2 Learning 4th-18th January; Spring 1: Week 1 and 2 Resources 4th-18th . London Bridge, the only physical connection between the City and the south side of the river Thames, had been noted as a deathtrap in the fire of 1633. The mayor The summer of 1666 had been very hot and dry, and the fire soon spread. Now onto content Sara needed some help getting started, and who better to ask than the families visiting the museum? . [47], When Bloodworth arrived, the flames were consuming the adjoining houses and creeping towards the warehouses and flammable stores on the riverfront. In each episode Maureen recounts the stories passed down through her family, from generation to generation. the fire, the king ordered that London should be rebuilt, with According to Michael Hebbert, this process "accelerated the development of scientific survey and cartographic techniques", including the development of ichnographical city maps. The London Gazette just managed to put out its Monday issue before the printer's premises went up in flames. Life in the busy streets of London before The Great Fire. [137] The reconstruction saw improvements in hygiene and fire safety: wider streets, open and accessible wharves along the length of the Thames, with no houses obstructing access to the river, and, most importantly, buildings constructed of brick and stone, not wood. Pepys continued westward on the river to the court at Whitehall, "where people come about me, and did give them an account dismayed them all, and the word was carried into the King. Hubert was convicted, despite some misgivings about his fitness to plead, and hanged at Tyburn on 29 October 1666. [135] All were based on a grid system, which became prevalent in the American urban landscape. In 1666, a huge fire that started in a tiny bakery burned down most of London. soon put that out in the poem.). People loaded their things onto carts and tried to leave town. And the anonymous author of The Londoners Lamentation ends with a childlike plea for reconciliation: If we still hate each other thus,God never will be friends with us. The Great Fire of London 1666. [167] More recent cultural works featuring the Great Fire include the 1841 novel Old St. Paul's[168] (and the 1914 film adaptation),[169] the 2006 novel Forged in the Fire,[170] the 2014 television drama The Great Fire,[171] and the musical Bumblescratch, which was performed as part of the commemorations of the 350th anniversary of the Great Fire.[172]. [106], Hanson takes issue with the idea that there were only a few deaths, enumerating known deaths from hunger and exposure among survivors of the fire, "huddled in shacks or living among the ruins that had once been their homes" in the cold winter that followed. Approximately, what is London's population? [62] The houses of the bankers in Lombard Street began to burn on Monday afternoon, prompting a rush to rescue their stacks of gold coins before they melted. 3. Fire! Flew, through every wooden door. From what began as a tiny spark in the hush of night, the story of the Great Fire is incredible. The decision not to implement the plan was criticized by later authors such as Daniel Defoe and was frequently cited by advocates for public health. Cases were heard and a verdict usually given within a day; without the Fire Court, lengthy legal proceedings would have seriously delayed the rebuilding which was so necessary if London was to recover. To view these you will need the free Adobe Acrobat Reader. By dawn on Thursday the fire was out. [28], The crucial factor which frustrated firefighting efforts was the narrowness of the streets. [157] During the Bombay plague epidemic two centuries later, this belief led to the burning of tenements as an antiplague measure. BEST POEMS ABOUT LONDON. From what began as a tiny spark in the hush of night, the 'story' of the Great Fire is incredible. Fire Posts, each staffed by 130 men, were set up around the City to fight the blaze. Some places still smouldered for months afterwards. The use of the major firefighting technique of the time, the creation of firebreaks by means of removing structures in the fire's path, was critically delayed due to the indecisiveness of the Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Bloodworth. Copyrighted poems are the property of the copyright holders. All poems are shown free of charge for educational purposes only in accordance with fair use guidelines. This time, however, demolition was fatally delayed for hours by the Lord Mayor's lack of leadership and failure to give the necessary orders. It was the diarist Samuel Pepys who realised how great the threat was, and took the news to the king. The Great Fire of London - Susanna Davidson 2015-08-07 Find out all about the Great Fire of London, in 1666 - what caused it, how it spread, how it was put out and how the city was rebuilt in its wake. What happened to convicts who were transported to penal colonies instead of being executed? Much of it was left in the homes of private citizens from the days of the English Civil War. This is probably because most deaths were not recorded. Our friendly presenter for these animations is a rat called Maureen. It's thought the fire started when a spark fell out of the oven after the family had gone to bed. Surging into the streets, the frightened mob fell on any foreigners whom they happened to encounter, and were pushed back into the fields by the Trained Bands, troops of Life Guards, and members of the court. The Rebuilding of London Act 1666 banned wood from the exterior of buildings, regulated the cost of building materials and the wages of workers, and set out a rebuilding period of three years, after which the land could be sold. 4 September 1666, evening. Not just hand-me downs each strand threads a story with it. Start. [71][72][73] There was a wave of street violence. [7], The relationship between the City and the Crown was often tense. Click here to see our privacy policy. It received many submissions alleging a conspiracy of foreigners and Catholics to destroy London. And if you need to brush up on the historical events in 1666, you can always check our 20 key facts for kids from on our main Great Fire of London page. By the time large-scale demolitions were ordered on Sunday night, the wind had already fanned the bakery fire into a firestorm which defeated such measures. Hear from four individuals who experienced the birth of punk, interviewed as part of the Punk.London project. Its hard not to be swept up in the drama taking place on the streets of London. Some were eloquent in their simplicity: Old London that, / Hath stood in State, / above six hundred years, / In six days space / Woe and alas! The fire reached its peak on 4 September 1666, spreading from the Temple in the west to near the Tower of London in the east. Discover how Londoners created the Christmas traditions we enjoy today. [6][7] John Evelyn, contrasting London to the Baroque magnificence of Paris in 1659, called it a "wooden, northern, and inartificial congestion of Houses". As a result, the fire not only devastated the City of London; it also proved detrimental to Charles II's reign and increased instability throughout England. Three short animations exploring The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 - why it happened, the main events of the Plot, and the consequences for Guy Fawkes and the other plotters. The Great Fire of London is a fascinating story from history; without it, London would be a very different place today. Museum of London registered charity number 1139250, Follow us on Twitter for news, views and conversation about London, Join us on Facebook and share your views on current London issues, Browse our YouTube videos of teaching resources, London history, fashion and more, See objects from our collection, snapshots of events and share your visits with us on Instagram. First, we needed an expert. the setting up of fire posts, extra fire fighters, and fire fighting A fast tempo song as The Great Fire rages through London. Amazingly, not many people died in the Great Fire of London. 900,000 9,000,000 19,000,000. My London Story: Poems on the Buses Poetry Competition. Additional songs about The Great Fire of London. [126][127] In Italy, a pamphlet circulated comparing London "to Lucifer in its proud arrogance and its spectacular fall". [137], The Crown and the City authorities attempted to negotiate compensation for the large-scale remodelling that these plans entailed, but that unrealistic idea had to be abandoned. However, unlike the useful firehooks, these large pumps had rarely proved flexible or functional enough to make much difference. After on Pudding Lane. [120] Trained bands were put on guard and foreigners arrested in locations throughout England. [141], In addition to the physical changes to London, the Great Fire had a significant demographic, social, political, economic, and cultural impact. sung as a round. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}5131N 005W / 51.51N 0.09W / 51.51; -0.09, The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through central London from Sunday 2 September to Thursday 6 September 1666,[1] gutting the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall, while also extending past the wall to the west. The flames crept towards the riverfront and set alight the water wheels under London Bridge, eliminating the supply of piped water. The firemen saw the shops nearbyAnd said Let's knock these down,Or else they will catch fire tooAnd it will spread through town.But no, the Mayor would not do that,He said Just hang about,The fire is not that bad, you know Wee* could soon put that out!So they tried to put the flames outBut they just grew higher.Sure enough they spread, soon half ofLondon was on fire. People did not know about the dangers of fire. As when some dire usurper Heav'n provides. Impressive, eh? [112] The fire destroyed approximately 15 percent of the city's housing. Marks of weakness, marks of woe. It was on the fourth day of the fire when Samuel Pepys wrote (via HistoryExtra) it was "the saddest sight of desolation that I ever saw; everywhere great fires, oyle-cellars, and brimstone, and other things burning." Of all the things to face, fire has to be one of the most terrifying. Charles took command at once, ordering the demolition of houses, and I was brave, I caught on like a Mexican wave. London is the capital of the United Kingdom. [59] However, Southwark was preserved by an open space between buildings on the bridge which acted as a firebreak.[60][61]. Porter gives the figure as eight[3] and Tinniswood as "in single figures", although he adds that some deaths must have gone unrecorded and that, besides direct deaths from burning and smoke inhalation, refugees also perished in the impromptu camps. Consolidate pupils' learning about The Great Fire of London with these three catchy songs from our Music pages. The Great Fires of London. [86], Tuesday, 4 September was the day of greatest destruction. 330acres is the size of the area within the Roman wall, according to standard reference works (see, for instance, Sheppard, 37), although Tinniswood gives that area as a square mile (667acres). Its so destructive and powerful. Im nothing new, I just joined in the race. As a result, economic recovery was slow. Various schemes for rebuilding the city were proposed, some of them very radical. The Great Fire of London began in the early hours of the 2nd of September 1666. Evelyn was horrified at the numbers of distressed people filling it, some under tents, others in makeshift shacks: "Many [were] without a rag or any necessary utensils, bed or board reduced to extremest misery and poverty. lucky, and she did not escape. The prolonged absence of rains brought a lot of danger to the city's inhabitants. By the 1660's, London, since four centuries invested as a thriving Roman settlement, the chief of Britain's gems, home to half a million people, became terribly congested with wooden buildings, narrow streets beside the river Thames. [129][130] Louis tried to take advantage but an attempt by a Franco-Dutch fleet to combine with a larger Dutch fleet ended in failure on 17 September at the Battle of Dungeness when they encountered a larger English fleet led by Thomas Allin. This made it much easier for the fire to spread. Holding on to his "dignity and civic authority", he refused James's offer of soldiers and then went home to bed. His maid was not so During this workshop the children will, create 10 second pictures from the period and later debate with Samuel Pepys how the fire changed . - including 'London's burning!' He recorded in his diary that the eastern gale had turned it into a conflagration. Five to six hundred tons of powder was stored in the Tower of London. [2] Field argues that the number "may have been higher than the traditional figure of six, but it is likely it did not run into the hundreds": he notes that the London Gazette "did not record a single fatality" and that had there been a significant death toll it would have been reflected in polemical accounts and petitions for charity. True or false? [52], Pepys found Bloodworth trying to coordinate the fire-fighting efforts and near to collapse, "like a fainting woman", crying out plaintively in response to the King's message that he was pulling down houses: "But the fire overtakes us faster than we can do it." A firehook was a heavy pole perhaps 30 feet (9m) long with a strong hook and ring at one end, which would be attached to the roof trees of a threatened house and operated by means of ropes and pulleys to pull down the building. and I blew. The fire started at 1am on Sunday morning in Thomas Farriner's bakery on Pudding Lane. There was panic on Wednesday night in the encampments at Parliament Hill, Moorfields, and Islington: a light in the sky over Fleet Street started a story that 50,000 French and Dutch immigrants had risen, and were marching towards Moorfields to murder and pillage. James set up command posts on the perimeter of the fire. Three short animations exploring The Great Fire of London of 1666 - the causes of The Fire, what happened during The Fire and how the city was rebuilt afterwards. A rumour is not about the source but the spread. [137][160] In 1681, accusations against the Catholics were added to the inscription on the Monument which read, in part, "Popish frenzy which wrought such horrors, is not yet quenched". [165], Cultural responses to the Great Fire emerged in poetry, "one of the chief modes of media in seventeenth-century England",[166] as well as in religious sermons. At 7:24 pm, the first fire alarm was sounded from Fire Box 52 at the corner of Summer and Lincoln Streets. See results. The typical multistory timbered London tenement houses had "jetties" (projecting upper floors). The Great Fire of London. He hoped that the River Fleet would form a natural firebreak, making a stand with his firemen from the Fleet Bridge and down to the Thames. Soon London was filled with smoke. These companies hired private firemen and offered incentives for clients who took measures to prevent firesfor example, a cheaper rate for brick versus wooden buildings. Great fire of London - simple idea. Public buildings, like churches, were paid for with money from a new coal tax. This Year 2 Great Fire of London KS1 History pack contains everything you need to teach your class what they need to know about one of the most devastating years in London's history - and it's all prepared and ready for you to download and teach!
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