I also recognize a Macedonian who speaks Serbian by the vowel e, and their sound of () is much softer than Serbian one, something between Serbian and or even as same as . I think this is very difficult for Macedonians to distinguish this two consonants and pronounce them correctly. Czech and Slovak are more intelligible to me then Slovenian with Slovak more so then Czech. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. 5. Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. Belarussian has 80% intelligibility of Ukrainian and 55% of Polish. In fact, some say the intelligibility between the two is near zero. IOW, I think there are two languages Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. Only problem is which is in Czech but not in slovak. While not usually considered mutually intelligible, theres also enough similarity between French and Italian that speakers of Portuguese may understand both of these languages. Nobody Ive ever talked to that lived in Serbia had anything other than [u] for //. The written languages differ much more than the spoken ones. Clearly it WAS the Illuminati at workI guess the planes were flown by shapeshifting lizards, toooh, come to think of it, isnt George Bush Junior a lizard, too! Writing in Chakavian started very early in the Middle Ages and began to slow down in the 1500s when writing in Kajkavian began to rise. President Musharraf of Pakistan says that the CIA has secretly paid his government millions of dollars for handing over hundreds of al-Qaeda suspects to America.. To some extent, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian, and Belarusian retain a degree of mutual intelligibility. Ive been following this page and kept coming to it for the past months, actually more than a year (and have noticed some updates). A Slovenian person that has never lived in the east of the country understands only about 60 70 % of the dialect (Prekmurski dialect). Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. In addition, the two groups have different cultural norms and values. Nevertheless, writing continues in various Kajkavian dialects which still retain some connection to the old literary language, although some of the lexicon and grammar are going out (Jembrigh 2014). The diffete. In terms http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. From his own words it is possible to conclude that mutual inteligibility between czech and slovak is very high, and Ive heard from young czechs that they still can understand slovak with no effort. The fact that such process works is almost a definition of mutual intelligibility for me. For example, the varieties of Chinese are often considered a single language even though there is usually no mutual intelligibility between geographically separated varieties. akavski has considerably more italian influence, due to many of the people there speaking italian (vicinity to italy) and the presence of istriot language and the former presence of dalmatian language. The claim for separate languages is based more on politics than on linguistic science. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. Much like Nordic languages. I speak tokavski croatian (and can read and understand serbian (both cyrillic and latin) and can adapt my croatian to be more serbian grammatically and with vocabulary) and just recently I had a conversation where I spoke croatian and the other person spoke polish. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. This is not the case, as all figures were derived from estimates by native speakers themselves, often a number of estimates averaged together. Have every heard of Dubrovnik dialect? Russian. How close is Ukrainian language to Polish? Maltese. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. Is there an agreed-upon standard? Bolgarian 30 % spoken, 50 % written He was a member of a group of linguists who met periodically to discuss the field. While Norway was under Danish rule, the Bokml written standard of Norwegian developed from Dano-Norwegian, a koin language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. Poles who know German and Old Polish can understand Silesian quite well due to the Germanisms and the presence of many older Polish words, but Poles who speak only Polish have a hard time with Silesian. Kajkavski it seems has changed less than akavski. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. Then she asked me to go do something useful, so this is all I can contribute with. Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. (Download). What if akavian person is from dalmatian coastal village which is now half tokavised and tokavian speaker is from Dalmatian city which still has some elements of akavian, ikavian yat and is full of romanisms? I was surprised that they never live in Slovenia and they never learn Slovenian. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. Was he educated? Torlak Serbian is spoken in the south and southwest of Serbia and is transitional to Macedonian. Portuguese has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Spanish, Galician, French and Italian. You really need to go look at the new version of the paper. "The Linguistic Innovation Emerging From Rohingya Refugees." Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. Serbo-Croatian has only 20% intelligibility of Ukrainian. It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Kashubian itself is a macrolanguage made up of two different languages, South Kashubian and North Kashubian, as the two have difficult intelligibility. In this case, another criteria I would also consider is how hard or easy it is for a Serb to start understanding Macedonian. You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? Bratislava speakers say that Kosice speech sounds half Slovak and half Ukrainian and uses many odd and unfamiliar words. Save. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. The main difference is in the ortography. . Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. Polish, Ukrainian and even Serbo-Croatian dialects are less so, especially in the light of their geographical spread . Or when I heard the word pobrzajte (hurry up (plural)) it was very interesting to me. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Some reports say there is difficult intelligibility between Ekavian Chakavian in the north and Ikavian Chakavian in the far south, but speakers of Labin Ekavian in the far north say they can understand the Southeastern Istrian speech of the southern islands very well (Jembrigh 2014). Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. Therefore, for the moment, there are five separate Croatian languages: Shtokavian Croatian, Kajkavian Croatian, Chakavian Croatian, Molise Croatian, and Burgenland Croatian. During the last 20 years, Ukraine has tried to make the language norm as far from Russian as possible for nationalistic reasons. And o shifts to u. > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. How is it possible if they speak the same language? If youve studied one language, you may very well understand some of anotheror have a much easier time learning it. Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. Czech has 94% intelligibility of Slovak, 12% of Polish, and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. ????? The translation is not very problematic. How many English speakers know Serbo-Croatian? The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. On the other side, i.e. No there is not. These three languages have an 86% lexical similarity; that is, they share 86% of the same words. Bulgarian is a pluricentric language it has several literary norms. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . As a native Serbian speaker from Bosnia who has interacted with most Slavic languages , heres my breakdown of level of mutual intelligibility with other Slavic tongues: its not based on bilingual learning. What language is closest to Polish? Vitebsk, Belarus. Im The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! A Serb gave me this information. This is simply reality in Serbia today. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). Post 1991, g has returned. America paid us to hand over al-Qaeda suspects Everything else we chalk up to bilingual learning as we call it and we do not think it is accurate. It is commonly believed that all Slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close Is Ukrainian mutually intelligible with Polish? It features phonemic vowel length that came about as a coalescence of a vowel with a following /v/ (usually one /v x j/ in Serbian, the distribution is opaque and unpredictable) or the contraction of the sequence /ij/ into /i:/ this feature is shared with plenty of Macedonian dialects, as far as I remember but has traditional, harder Serbian alveopalatals and palatals, having [t d t d] for Macedonian [t d c() ()] (treating these as allophones as they seem to be the same four phonemes). Croatian-Shtokavian is only a dialect of Serbian language. 4. 50% I think that nowadays people from Ni also dont understand that Serbian enough. But they are unaware of the fact that islander have a lot of latin but also old Croatian (Slavic) words instead of Turkish which are used by supossedly more Croatian tokavian speaker. December 2014. #5. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. A more updated version of this paper with working hyperlinks can be found on Academia.edu here. Molise Croatian is a Croatian language spoken in a few towns in Italy, such as Acquaviva Collecroce and two other towns. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. Czechs are more urbane. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. Slovenians have a very hard time understanding Poles and Czechs and vice versa. Usually, they can even write their theses in Slovak. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in . Generally, when foreigners say speakers of a certain language speak too fast, speakers of that language can hear that fast speech just fine. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure. Silesian, which can be heard in the southwest (sometimes also considered a separate language). So if you believe the fantastic conspiracy theory that 19 hijackers some have been discovered to be still alive were able to hijack 4 commercial planes for hours uninterrupted armed only with boxcutters and crash them into US largest and with the Pentagon most well guarded which has its own missile defence and radar system buildings on US? It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. Saris Slovak has 85% intelligibility of Polish. Ponaszymu also has many Germanisms which have been falling out of use lately, replaced by their Czech equivalents. However, Dutch speakers usually understand more German than the reverse because they study German in school. This is a great boon to travelers and language learners. General. A prima example of this is Russian where the 5% intelligibility could be pretty accurate in the case of a regular communication, because Russians have a very strong intonation, and they simply dont pronounce vowels properly. I must confess that as a Czech, I understand only little, what the Macedonian reporter is saying, and when I was listening to the first guy from Bosnia (Izetbegovi), I was often lost, understanding only slightly more, maybe 20-30%. Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. do is the same verb (prim/pri/pri/primo/prite/pre vs. pravam/pravi/pravi/pravime/pravite/pravaat; as opposed to Serbian raditi) Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). FluentU is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Because of all of this, tokavian speaker has a hard time understanding fast talking akavian speakers. On the one hand, Belarussian has some dialects that are intelligible with some dialects of both Russian and Ukrainian. Bulgarian is similar to Macedonian but with more different cyrillic. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. Written intelligibility was only calculated for a number of language pairs. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Of course, the interviews are subtitled in Macedonian, but even an untrained ear and eye can see how similar these languages are. Eastern Slovak has ~80% intelligibility of Rusyn. That information is in error. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Around year 550 Slovenians went west and Macedonians/Bulgars went south. Jeff Lindsay estimates that Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). The Answer, and Examples for 8 World Languages. Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii. They exist, but not in such a degree to render them unintelligible. (I will come to Bulgarian too). He conducts his interviews in Macedonian, and as you can watch , his guests, be they bulgarians, serbs, bosnians, croats have no trouble understanding his questions. It shows that Macedonians indeed grew up to certain extent as bilingual Macedonian-Serbian. Its historical development consists of four main periods. But then it is difficult. Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. Russian has 85% intelligibility of Rusyn, 74% of oral Belorussian and 85% of written Belorussian, 60% of Balachka, 50% of oral Ukrainian and 85% of written Ukrainian, 36% of oral Bulgarian and 80% of written Bulgarian, 38% of Polish, 30% of Slovak and oral Montenegrin and 50% of written Montenegrin, 12% of oral Serbo-Croatian, 25% of written Serbo-Croatian, and 10% of Czech. In the case of transparently cognate languages officially recognized as distinct such as Spanish and Italian, mutual intelligibility is in principle and in practice not binary (simply yes or no), but occurs in varying degrees, subject to numerous variables specific to individual speakers in the context of the communication. An inherent pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a a speaker of Slavic lect A listening to a tape or video of a speaker of Slavic Lect A. > Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end, because they dont bother to learn Slovak, while many Slovaks learn Czech. .Interestingly, Ukrainians can understand the Russian language better than the Russians would understand the Ukrainian. In recent years, many of the German words are falling out of use and being replaced by Polish words, especially by young people. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). In addition, political and social conventions often override considerations of mutual intelligibility in both scientific and non-scientific views. For example we chakavians use a lot of words used in Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak etc but in standard Croatian those words are described as archaisms and instead words used in tokavian come from Turkish. Hello, the difference of course is completely arbitrary, but above 90%, most speakers regard their comprehension as full or say things like I understand it completely. Below 90%, it starts getting a lot more iffy, and down towards 80-85%, people start saying things like, I understand most of it but not all! and people start regarding the other tongue as possibly a separate language. I think that this article is full of dubious numbers, but this is not necessarily the authors fault. I understood perfectly him, but not her. Re: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian Mutual Intelligibility. If speakers of one language have more exposure to its related language, theyre likely to pick up more of that language. Slovak students do not have to pass a language test at Czech universities. . Then conversation is intelligible 100%. Download: I must admit that knowing English, German and French also helped me since Polish readily uses borrowings from these languages where Russian prefers Slavic words. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. Map; Russia's Periphery* Baltic States. One more thing is that Serbian has, for example, two versions of the future case, with da (that) and verb in some person form, 1st in this case: ja u da radim (I will work) and ja u raditi where raditi (to work) is an infinitive. It has also been described as a transitional dialect between Polish and Slovak. Some do in fact argue that Ukrainian shouldn't be considered as an East-Slavic language at all, being that it has more in common with West-Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech and Slovak than it . Yet its totally foreign to many in Croatia. The British Academy funded research project dedicated to examining mutual intelligibility between Karakalpak, Kazakh and Uzbek languages is currently under way at the, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 16:40. If you're a foreign student, studying russian, it's unlikely you'd be able to understand Ukrainian at all. She doesn't speak any Polish so it's going to be an interesting challenge. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! I have also friends from Central Macedonia (Prilep, Bitola) and I can tell how different they speak from the Skopjian dialect. Polish is spoken outside of Poland by Polish diaspora groups in countries like Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
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